Juvenile Court Characteristics Essay

A juvenile is a person who was less than 17 years old but more than 10 years old when he or she committed an act defined as a delinquent act or a conduct in need of supervision. This is an act if committed by an adult could lead to imprisonment. A conduct in need of supervision (CINS) is a conduct that if committed by an adult could result in a fine. Juvenile Court Characteristics in Texas According to Roberts (2004), when a juvenile has been found to have committed a CINS or delinquent conduct, he/she is adjudicated. Texas juvenile board is in charge of the juvenile justice operations. It’s made up of district court judges and country court judges. The juvenile board decides which court that will be used as a juvenile court in the county. There are different courts that are involved: district, Constitutional County or county courts. District courts are courts of general jurisdiction; constitutional county courts have concurrent authority with district judges and county courts may have concurrent authority with district judges or it may vary according to the statute that formed them (Zimring, 2005). When a juvenile has been found with an adjudicated conduct, the following is done: the person can be placed on probation, sent to the Texas youth commission (TYC) with an indeterminable sentence. However, this can only be done in victims of felony offences or it can be referred to the TYC with a determined sentence for certain offences. Juveniles put on probation and not sent to the TYC are supposed to be released by the time they turn 18. When sent to the TYC with an indeterminate verdict, the victims are released by the time they turn 19 and when sent to the TYC with a determined sentence, they can be transferred to an adult court depending on their behavior while in the TYC programs (Myers, 2001). If the juvenile is put on probation, the judge orders the juvenile to live with a responsible adult and gives the conditions that are to be followed. The conditions may range from a curfew, undergoing counseling or the juvenile may be required to attend a school. If the conditions given are not kept by the adult, the court may order the adult responsible to pay a fine or be imprisoned (Feld, 1999). Conclusion Many juveniles are found to commit crimes that if they were adults, they might have been convicted or fined. To deal with such cases, the Texas courts have come up with modes of dealing the culprits.

Advantages And Limitations Of The Swot Model Marketing Essay

Advantages And Limitations Of The Swot Model Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION When individuals or organizations face critical situations where crucial decisions have to be made pertaining to the desired objective that has already been defined/identified, they need methods by which to analyse their current position and to find out ways to achieve their goals by overcoming the problems. But how can individuals/organizations carry out such an analysis? First of all, they must identify what they want to accomplish (the objective), what they already have (current position), what means are available to them (opportunities) and what hurdles they may have to tackle (threats). This requires careful planning. For the success of any organization, business product, or an individual, planning is essential. Planning is â€Å"an act of formulating a strategy for a definite course of action for the accomplishment of an objective.† (Business Dictionary) With the help of planning, an individual can know where he stands, can decide what he wants to achieve a nd can figure out how he can bridge the gap between the two. How is planning done? SWOT analysis is an effective tool which aids strategic planning both for individual as well as organizational growth and development. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. With the help of SWOT analysis, one can specify the personal/organizational objective, can identify the various favourable and/or unfavourable internal as well as external factors that may influence the accomplishment of that objective and on the basis of these one can develop effective strategies that would help in achieving the objective. SWOT analysis can be done on the organizational level as well as on the individual level. In this chapter, we shall focus mainly on SWOT analysis for individuals. BASIC ELEMENTS OF SWOT ANALYSIS As pointed out earlier, SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The SWOT analysis model is composed of these four main elements put together w hich form a framework for analysis. Strengths are the positive attributes of the individual or organization that help to achieve the desired objective/s. Weaknesses are the negative attributes of the individual or organization that hinder the accomplishment of the desired objective/s. Opportunities are the favourable circumstances that can create a possibility for progress which results in the achievement of the desired objective/s. Threats are the unfavourable circumstances that can cause damage to the individual or organization and stop them from accomplishing their desired objective/s. Strengths and weaknesses are the internal factors that influence the individual or organizational objectives. They are internal to the individual or organization and are within their control. They are classified as strengths or weaknesses depending upon the impact that they have on the objective. The attribute that may be seen as strength in the context of one particular objective may prove to be a weakness in a different decision-making context. For example, aggressiveness is normally considered a weakness in an individual’s personality. But when we consider it in the context of soldiers who are trained for combat, aggression is regarded as their strength. On the other hand, opportunities and threats are the external factors that propel the individual or organization towards growth or impede its progress respectively. They are external to the individual or organization and are beyond their control. Thus, the main object of SWOT analysis is to recognize the major internal and external factors that are crucial to achieving the desired personal or business objective.

Book report. and jazz concerts. totally two different assignments Essay

Book report. and jazz concerts. totally two different assignments - Essay Example This is because some fans share a deep attachment to given musicians and songs to the point of irrationality. The author recognizes that such wildness is responsible for the hype that Jazz attains. The drama combines with the music to provide a relievable appeal to music lovers. The book intensively and extensively explores the origin of Jazz in relation to the term. The word, in itself, is essential in examining the beginning of the genre. This builds on the recognition that the term entails a significant cultural connotation. In turn, the term might have emanated from a given cultural group. This culture, hence, has informed the shaping and growth of Jazz. In addition, the culture has granted the genre inherent elements that remain unchanged as the music evolves. The book notes that there have been several scholarly attempts at defining the origin of the term and music. A huge part of scholarly work attributes its origins to Africa and Arabia (Crow 20). In other instances, linguist ic and music scholars have attributed the term to a word a French verb, jaser. This term means chattering. On the other hand, some historians attribute the word to fornication idioms that were prominently used in San Francisco and New Orleans. This seems to have been a major explanation for the leisurely take on Jazz. In this sense, the book accords an unfamiliar route in the analysis of music. It seeks to make the Jazz fans understand the origins of their consumption. The author recognizes that music lovers can only understand a genre if they associate with its origins. It is crucial for music lovers to experience past forms of music in understanding current compositions. In turn, they learn how a genre music has changed to accommodate shifting influences and expectations. Jazz, therefore, has an inherent perception that the fans take on the performances. In addition, the book entails vital discussion on the roles of teachers and students in shaping Jazz music. This part recognizes that Jazz has attracted a considerable attention from the scholarly world. The scholarly world, in this case, comprises the students and teachers who provide insights into how the culture should celebrate Jazz. Through teachers and students, the Jazz culture is passed down to subsequent generations. This is essential in the face of rapidly evolving cultures that help accelerate the displacement of traditional music genres such as Jazz. This book is critical for the current generation of music lovers who ought to understand the intricacies involved in the growth of a genre. The book informs that former Jazz musicians injected considerable genius in defining new dimensions of music (Gioia 43). In addition, it illuminates the idea that music production relies on involvement by a diverse number of individuals. Furthermore, it highlights that music has an emotional attachment that the scholarly works cannot ignore in discussing the genre. This relates to how Jazz music has helped shape communities. The clause, shaping communities, refers to Jazz’s influences on given economic, social, and political ideals. In addition, it refers to how Jazz music has acquired outside influences in its development. Concert The performance at the Glendale-Pasadena area revealed that music lovers have accorded an offhand approach in enjoying Jazz music. Jazz music, hence, has become a mere cultural

EU Enlargement to Eastern Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU Enlargement to Eastern Europe - Essay Example Following the launch of the euro as EU's common currency, the EU found it necessary to shift its attention to the East. The decision to enlarge EU membership to Eastern European countries was finalized in 2002 and its first phase would have been carried out between 2004 and 2006. Here, EU negotiates what analysts perceive as a bumpy road. belonged to the former communist bloc which just emerged from half a century of Soviet domination. Throughout this long period, they operated on a planned economy and it is only now that they are moving in unison towards a market economy. As a lingering effect of a less efficient economic system, their incomes are much lower than those of existing EU members. This poses a problem to the process of harmonizing the entry of these countries into EU. EU enlargement to Eastern Europe will boost the European common market from 320 million people to about 470 million. Unlike Switzerland, Norway and Iceland which joined only EU's free trade area, the Eastern European countries need to be full EU members or they will not enjoy the promised benefits. This entails huge costs on the part of the new members. Eastern Europe is a low-income region of about 100 million people whose combined income will raise the GDP of EU by a mere 5 per cent. This is very much less than the result of previous EU expansions to the North and South. It is not only their low income levels that may bring deleterious effects to EU but also the fact that these countries are in the middle of a transition phase from a centrally planned to a market economy. In addition, the new members will have to cope with more EU regulations than before because of the recent creation of the Single European Market concept. Although many of the former communist bloc countries are convinced of the superiority of the free market, some have retained their faith in the socialist system and in the role of government in steering economic growth. Thus, many of them continue to bring up the rear on the list of world's freest economies. In the 2003 Economic Freedom of the World Report, only Estonia made it to the16th rung. Hungary was 35th, Czech 39th and Latvia 51st. At the bottom of the list were Bulgaria at 103rd place, Russia 112th, Romania 116th and Ukraine 117th. (Tupy, L., 2003) Initially, liberalization of these economies pushed output down, but they gradually recovered. By 2002, their separate GDPs grew as foreign investment started to come in. During that year, the World Bank reported that Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Sloavakia led the pack with an average 2.3 per cent growth. Poland is the largest of these former communist bloc countries and may prove to be of strategic importance to EU since it is the gateway of Western Europe into the large Eastern European countries of Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. (Mind Your Business, 2004) The other big countries in the East that are slated to join EU are Russia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Romania, Hungary, Slovenia and Slovakia. Poland's Problems Signs that Poland is a possible problem child for EU became evident as soon as the homeland of the beloved Pope John Paul II took the first step of joining the union in May 2004. Polish

English research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English research paper - Essay Example The California Supreme Court is scheduled to decide early next year whether or not to invalidate the state’s ban of gay marriage which voters approved via Proposition 22 in 2000. This paper will more closely examine the benefits denied gay couples in most states as well as the political, legal, moral and societal implications involved with the issue. As people are becoming better informed about the issue, more are accepting, if not the lifestyle, the right for gays to be married. The argument proposed by the opponents of gay marriage is that the U.S. Constitution guarantees a republican form of government in which elected officials are intended to set social policy for the nation. Legislators do this by representing their constituent’s moral views when drafting laws. Because the Constitution bars the intertwining of state and religion, the only method of ensuring that moral and ethical codes are enforced throughout society is through acts of legislation. When courts determine morality issues, they counteract legislation meant to protect the moral fabric of society and break down the constitutionally guaranteed separation of powers within the government. â€Å"When judges erode the power of the people’s representatives to set society’s moral compass, they likewise undercut the authority of parents, schools, and other community groups to set the standards they would like to see their children and fellow citizens live by. Indeed, it is a f rontal assault on community values writ large† (Raul, 2003). The government was originally formed as an entity meant to champion the rights of the individual whether they are on the majority or minority side of public opinion. Laws that were enacted in the South disallowed the marriage between black and white people but were struck down by the Supreme Court. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act followed the tenets of the Constitution by prohibiting this type of discrimination.

Retirement Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Retirement Planning - Essay Example us to take decisions regarding the finances which we hold in our hand right now, the opportunity cost they throw and the ultimate decision which needs to be taken up to optimize our earnings for a trouble-free future. It has various components like tax planning, managing liquidity, financing for large purchases, asset and income protection, money investment plans, and the most important function being planning for your retirement. In fact, all the above five functions are usually taken up only to cater to the financial needs after retirement. Depending on the above five parameters, you will have to set up your retirement planning goals for which the following points are to be considered: Social Security is a federal program which intends to tax the individual at the time of his employment in order to finance his older years. The online social security program gives all the details of the eligibility and the benefits which are usually changed from time to time. This program delivers a minimal payment base which may not be quite sufficient to meet all the daily needs of retirement in these inflating times (Anonymous, 2008). The funding of this program is done by taxing the current employees at the rate of 7.65% under Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax. Same amount is also paid by your employer also. In this way, the current tax contributions are utilized to fund the current retirement payments and not for your future purposes. Your future receivables would be funded by the then available contributions. Here, one needs to note that, as the retirement life is prolonged, there is more burdens on the balancing act as the tax receivables is far more exceeding the tax collectibles. Hence, many people also look for other alternatives. Defined Benefit Plans: Contributions are made by the employer and the percentage of vested interest varies from one firm to the other. Vested interest means the % of contribution which can transferrable into your retirement

Service recovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Service recovery - Essay Example The first thing that a service provider should do is take the whole responsibility for the breakdown (hope and Muhlemann). For example, instead of saying, â€Å"It was not our fault†, he should say, â€Å"We are sorry and we shall see what we can do.† Apologies are a very important part of system recovery. He should make the customer feel that he is being understood and will be attended. Next, he should take immediate actions to solve the problem, and should call back the customer every now and then so that he does not feel that he is being kept waiting. If the client is too hard, the provider can use sentences like, â€Å"What can we do to make you comfortable?† How a provider deals with a difficult client is very important for a successful service recovery. A follow up call is very central after the system has been recovered to help maintain the stability of the relationship with the client. Works Cited Fitzsimmons, James A., and Mona J. Fitzsimmons. Service Ma nagement: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology. USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. Hope, Christine, and Alan Muhlemann. Service Operations Management: Strategy, Design, and Delivery. USA: Prentice Hall, 1997.