A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning by John Donne Essay -- A Valedicti

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, by John Donne explores love through the ideas of assurance and separation. Donne uses hopeful imagery to impart his moral themes on his audience. A truer, more refined love, Donne explains comes from a connection at the mind, the joining of two souls as one. Physical bearing is irrelevant if a true marriage of the minds has occurred, joining a pair of lovers souls eternally. In order to describe the form which Donne gives to true love he chooses to make out a scene of separation. He insists that when in love, absence is not a cause for despair. Stanza two describes the usual reaction lovers have to separation but explains that such(prenominal) reactions of tears and sighs do not prove ones love but rather the opposite by suggesting that the relationship depends on a physiological connection. In stanza three then he states that it is the connection at the mind which is important to a devoted love, and that when this emotional connection of the sou ls is attained then eyes, lips, and hands, argon less to miss.Donne uses a compass to create a visual metaphor for their love. Although the two feet may be far isolated, they are constantly joined in the center. This connection at the center is representative of the mental connection which is found at the center of true or refined love. Regardless of how far apart the feet of the compass may move, or how far apart lovers may travel, the connection which is the center of their relationship serves to hold and br...

Over-consumption = More Waste :: Essays Papers

Over-consumption = More WasteThe single most important environmental issue today is over-consumerism, which leads to excess waste. We buy too much. We think we always gather up new and better stuff. Will we ever be satisfied? There will always be something better or cooler on the market. Because we buy the farm in a capitalistic consumer culture, we shake absorbed things like Get it while the gettings good, Offer ends soon, buy while it lasts, For great deals, get hold on downSunday Sunday Sunday We, kids from 1 to 92, have become saturated with commercials like Obey your thirst. How much of our consumption is compulsive purchase, save obeying our momentary thirst? Do we actually need all that we buy? Could we survive efficiently, even happily, without making so many shopping center runs? at once after I do a Target run with mom, I noticed that most of the bulkiness within my plastic bags with red targets symbols on them was made up of the products packaging. I then thought about all the bags that were piled on the floor near usall of the bags piled on the floors of many homes throughout the States daily. There are realistic solutions that we should look into in order to curb this detrimental trend. Because we can do quick little time-saver runs to the nearest mega-store, we really have lost the need and, in some cases, the ability to be creative or resourceful. Instead of contributing to consumerism by buying new clothes and domicile goods, we can try finding and using things that were already purchased and perhaps slightly utilise. (Obviously not toiletries, food, or undergarments.) There are oodles of resale shops and rummage sales that harbour great products for almost always half the price or even cheaper. By not shopping at such places as Goodwill, Salvation Army, and the like, we merely keep adding more and more to the already vast amount of products that are already out there and not in use. It is wise to not loan anymore to consumerism an d waste-increase by buying used items. Perhaps we should only buy new things to supplement our needs. It is unrealistic to advocate that everyone in America stop buying new things altogether. We should buy them in moderation, but there are things we can do before and after purchasing these things. Three simple solutions are pre-cycling, re-cycling, and re-using. Pre-cycling is used to prevent as much waste as possible by simply seeking out products with little, less, or no packaging.

abortion :: essays research papers

     Im late for my period. Ive never had sex willingly. Oh God I hope it wasnt from that night. How can I live with myself or tell some one my secret. No one will believe me, it was my own boyfriend. Its my fault anyway, I shouldve wished to have sex, he told me we were going to get married. Where is he now? He said hell love me forever, I need him by my side. I think Im going to take the test. I cant be pregnant How can I explain to the child that I dont want it. I have major plans like college and meeting my Prince Charming. I dont want to have a kid, especially since its face is going to remind me of the worst night of my life. I cant be pregnant Im only 18 years old. I have college to go to next year, Im not even with Bill anymore.     "NO STOP PLEASE STOP" I cried as this "man" took me into his world, one in which I know I didnt belong.     "ATLEAST PUT A CONDOM ON WHO ARE YOU? WHY ARE YOU DOING T HIS TO ME? PLEASE STOP" I kept glaring and he was in such rage and had such determination that I would succomb to his ways and enjoy the most horrible experience of my life.     So, Im going to take a pregnancy test. I pray Im not pregnent. I cant imagine telling anyone. They know I dont believe in premarital sex. I still project myself a virgin. Ive never told anyone about that night, so if I just end up pregnant, who is going to believe me? I hope my mom stays by myside, I know she is going to be outraged. I hope Bill will coiffure it his two cents in, should I even tell him? Abortions are legitimate in my state. It seems like a reasonable thing to do. I dont want to kill my baby or throw him away in the dumpster. I would put it up for adoption, but every morning and night for the next nine months I am going to relive that horrible night. Roe v. Wade was found on this case. In 1973, The state of Texas had outlawed abortions. The Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional, but refused to order an injuction againts the state. On January 22, 1973, The Supreme Court voted the right to solitude including abortions.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four :: 1984 Essays

George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, a British create verballyr with political conscience. He was born in India but educated in England at Eton College. He served the Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927. In sick health, he returned to Europe to live in poverty as a struggling writer. Orwell joined the Republican forces in the Spanish civil war, and wrote a chilling account of this experience. He went on to write many books, mostly autobiographical, and achieved successes as a brilliant writer. 2. SynopsisThe novel takes place in a theoretical and fictional dystopian totalitarian society. The story begins in London on April 4, 1984 after an atomic world war divides the world into three states. London is the capital of Oceania which is run by INGSOC(English Socialism). The controllers are called "The Party." The Party is divided into two sections, The intragroup Party, and The Outer Party which are the "Rich" and the "middle-class.&qu ot There is a third group of people called "The Proles," or "The Proletariat" which are the poor, and considered to be animals by the party. The main leader of this government is Big Brother. The novel is told in third person and partly first person, and is also divided into three parts. In the first part the main character and his conflicts with the world he lives in are revealed. Winston Smith is a bureaucrat who works for the government by fix history at the Ministry of Truth. He begins to ponder the reason things are so bad and commits a terrible crime. In the second part, he falls in love with Julia, and is taken in by a man named OBrien, a member of the anti-party society called the Brotherhood. OBrien turns out to be a true member of The Inner Party. Winston and Julia are captured and hauled off to the Ministry of Love (Minilove in Newspeak). Here, during the final part of the story, Winston is incarcerated and rehabilitated by The Party. OBrien constantly te lls Winston that Winston is crazy, and that he is trying to help him. During these sessions he reveals the true purposes of INGSOC. The partys goals can be summed up in their mottoes. "WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, and IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH(Orwell, 7)."3. ThemeUnder the rule of INGSOC, members of The Party are engrossed in their work. It is essential that the government keeps its people happy in lay to avoid rebellions and "thought crimes.

The Maltese Falcon :: essays research papers fc

Dashiell Hammetts San FranciscoA Unique Setting in the Changing World of Early 20th Century Detective manufactureThe Pacific coast port city of San Francisco, California provides a distinctively mysterious backdrop in Dashiell Hammetts The Maltese Falcon. Unlike many early(a) scout stories that are anchored in well-known metropolises such as Los Angeles or New York City, Hammett opted to place the events of his text in the lesser-known, yet similarly exotic cultural confines of San Francisco. Hammett used his own intricate knowledge of the San Francisco Bay Area - coupled with details collected during a stint as a detective for the now defunct Pinkerton Agency - to craft a distinctive brand of detective fiction that thrived on such an original scene (Paul 93). By examining the setting of 1920s San Francisco in The Maltese Falcon, it becomes apparent that one of Hammetts literary strengths was his exceptional ability to intertwine non-fictional places with a fictional plot and c haracters in aver to produce a logical and exceedingly believable detective mystery.Dashiell Hammett called the San Francisco area home from 1920 until 1936. For a portion of those fourteen years, he shared an apartment on Eddy Street with his first wife Josephine Dolan. This apartment was located very near the San Francisco Public Library on Larkin Street where in 1921 Hammett first conceived the prospect of his writing detective fiction. San Francisco historian and author Don Freeman explains In the library he would read the magazines and the books and one day after reading some(prenominal) detective yarns he said, I can do that. The truth is, he could. And he did. He wrote for Black Mask, a pulp detective magazine, and then as his skills increased he began to write novels. It was in this library that Dashiell Hammett saw his future. (79)Hammett contributed stories to Black Mask for ten years until The Maltese Falcon gained public and literary acclaim. many of the stories that Hammett penned for Black Mask were set in San Francisco, as the city provided him with a unique atmosphere in which to observe and record different cultures, norms, and fads. In the 1920s, San Francisco was thought of as an exotic melting pot of culture that was rivaled only by its eastern cultural counterpart of New York City. Therefore, it is no surprise that Hammett used San Francisco as the setting of The Maltese Falcon to further illustrate the exotic and striking nature of the plot and characters within the text (Dumenil 211).

The Maltese Falcon :: essays research papers fc

Dashiell Hammetts San FranciscoA Unique Setting in the changing World of Early 20th Century Detective FictionThe Pacific coast port city of San Francisco, California provides a distinctively mysterious ground in Dashiell Hammetts The Maltese Falcon. Unlike many other detective stories that are anchored in well-known metropolises such as Los Angeles or New York City, Hammett opted to betoken the events of his text in the lesser-known, yet similarly exotic heathenish confines of San Francisco. Hammett used his own intricate knowledge of the San Francisco Bay Area - coupled with elaborate collected during a stint as a detective for the now defunct Pinkerton Agency - to craft a distinctive brand of detective metaphor that thrived on such an original setting (Paul 93). By examining the setting of 1920s San Francisco in The Maltese Falcon, it becomes apparent that one of Hammetts literary strengths was his exceptional mightiness to intertwine non-fictional places with a fictional darn and characters in order to produce a logical and exceedingly believable detective mystery.Dashiell Hammett called the San Francisco area home from 1920 until 1936. For a portion of those fourteen years, he shared an apartment on Eddy Street with his first wife Josephine Dolan. This apartment was located very near the San Francisco exis cardinalce Library on Larkin Street where in 1921 Hammett first conceived the idea of his writing detective fiction. San Francisco historian and author Don Freeman explains In the library he would read the magazines and the books and one day after reading several detective yarns he said, I can do that. The truth is, he could. And he did. He wrote for Black Mask, a pulp detective magazine, and then as his skills increased he began to write novels. It was in this library that Dashiell Hammett saw his future. (79)Hammett contributed stories to Black Mask for ten years until The Maltese Falcon gained public and literary acclaim. Many of the stories that Hammett penned for Black Mask were set in San Francisco, as the city provided him with a unique atmosphere in which to observe and record different cultures, norms, and fads. In the 1920s, San Francisco was thought of as an exotic melting pot of culture that was rivaled only by its eastern cultural counterpart of New York City. Therefore, it is no surprise that Hammett used San Francisco as the setting of The Maltese Falcon to further illustrate the exotic and striking nature of the plot and characters within the text (Dumenil 211).

Riordan Manufacturing Business Analysis

Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Business Analysis Learning Team B BSA viosterol University of Phoenix Instructor Charlotte Bonner October 6, 2008 * Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Business Analysis * ****INTRO GOES HERE DANA WILL WRITE IT AS WE NEAR COMPLETION History of Riordan Riordan Manufacturing Inc. is a leading ball-shaped manufacturer of plastic injection molding components. Some of the components that it manufactures imply plastic bottles, fans of all sizes, heart valves, medical stents, and other custom plastic parts. Riordan is focused on high standards, dour stipulation client relationships, innovation, and growth.The company was originally founded in 1991 by a professor of chemistry, Dr. Riordan, as an outlet for commercial applications for the high waxy strength plastic substrates that Dr. Riordan had developed. Riordan Manufacturing is now a subsidiary of the Fortune 1000 enterprise, Riordan Industries. The company is headquartered in San Jose California, but also has f acilities in Georgia, Michigan, and China. Current large projects include the de target stage on an innovative bottle in the shape of a pyramid, and the proof of concept stage on a CardiCare heart valve. schooling Technology (IT) infrastructure, serving 550 employees, consists of three Wide Area Network (WAN) lines originating from the corporate headquarters in San Jose (125 employees) to the three manufacturing plants in Michigan (130 employees), Georgia (45 employees), and China (250 employees). Modules bill Modules Riordan Manufacturings corporate office has integrated ERP software program designed purposely for plastics, processors, and process and assembly manufacturers. During acquisition in Georgia and Michigan, the finance and accountancy system softwares compatibility issue was not addressed.For this reason, Georgia and Michigan energize applications which are not compatible with the current financial system. The following is a list of supernumerary modules that shou ld be connected to the accounting system Inventory Modules The Inventory module leave alone help Riordan Manufacturing with the physical management of their stock (until used up or sold). It will perform a sound cataloging procedure by assigning item numbers that the accounting system stool process. addition counseling Modules Asset Management will help Riordan Manufacturing with physical maintenance, deletioning of assets, and financial management.Physical maintenance includes the asset location, condition, and the assignment of asset management to specific individuals. Cash Management Modules Cash Management will help Riordan Manufacturing manage and control the cash cycle. It will ensure liquidity and enhance profitability. Benefits of this module include multi-currency capabilities, cash balancing, coin bank reconciliation, and cash forecasting. Web Applications Modules Web Applications will help Riordan Manufacturing in many ways. Customers and salespeople a care can ente r orders through the web.This real-time web configuration will shorten the order cycle, and enhance customer satisfaction. Employees of Riordan will be able to use this medium for expense reporting, supply requisitions, and communication between employees. Multiple Currencies Modules Since Riordan has a joint peril with China, the Multiple Currency module will be of considerable help. Financial transaction with China will be recorded in the sub- book of accounts and converted into the functional currency by using current exchange rate entropy. The transactions will be recorded and maintained in the accounting information.Riordans functional currency will be in US dollars. Payroll Modules The Payroll module will apply human resource data to salaries and benefits and determine the amount of pay and how to get the disbursement to the employee. It will take into consideration national tax codes and worldwide regulations. The system can also track and do calculations for data such as sick time, leave of absence, and vacation. Travel/Expense Reporting Modules Because Riordan has multiple offices within the United States and a joint venture with China, travel budgets and expense reporting of trips can be documented into the travel/expense reporting module.Riordan employees and management can use this module to document information such as constitute of plane tickets, vehicles, food, and supplies while employees are traveling. General Ledger Modules The accounting process begins with general ledgers. Therefore, this module will help prepare Riordans financial reports from the first steps. This will make information readily accessible and more easily processed. Accounts payable/receivable Modules Like the general ledger module, this module will help organize Riordans accounts payable and receivable, which will better organize their balance sheet. Systems to be connected to the Accounting System sales and Marketing All of the sales to past customers have been annot ated using written methods. Riordan has requested that all past sales records, made up of diverse databases, piece of music files and microfiche be inputted into a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. The information recorded in these records is largely made up of information that can easily be entered into a CRM database for easy distribution and reproduction between departments. The CRM package will also benefit Riordan by providing the customers access to a front end master of ceremonies (extranet), to be able to create accounts, check account status, pay bills and place orders.Having a single CRM database will provide sales personnel or customer service representatives with the ability to quickly check customer accounting information without having to search through various paper work, microfiche and out of date or inadequate databases. Internally, employees will be able to keep track of various vendors who have a proven track record of discounts, reliable shipping a nd product innovation. In the past, individual sales employees have managed customer records, and no standard of data recording has been established.Operating in this manner doesnt allow for a cohesive sales team, which is going to be critical for the new team selling approach being implemented by Riordan. A standardization and consolidation of customer records involve to be implemented for the sales team to be more successful in the future. The CRM will consolidate the sales team into one unit quite an than individuals servicing specific accounts. Customer relations will be proficient due to the ability of multiple sales personnel being able to evolve and update account information rather than a single person maintaining individual account records.Not to mention when a sales person is not available due to health, personal issues or vacation, another employee will be able to provide information and reinforcer. The CRM will then be connected to the finance & Accounting System. Hu man Resources Riordan Manufacturings Human Resources system should be connected to its accounting system because the Human Resources department handles the employees salaries, benefits, employee recognition programs and training programs. These programs do not bring in tax, however, they are considered speak tos for the company.Accurate bookkeeping of these activities and incorporation of the figures into the accounting equation is crucial to painting an accurate financial picture of Riordan. operations The Operations system should also be connected to the accounting system since it outlines inventory, supply and production. Inventory is part of a companys assets, which is a nerve center part of the accounting equation. In determining its financial state, Riordan needs to have knowledge of its inventory, how much it costs to obtain, how it is used and the cost of operating, or manufacturing products with that inventory.Just like assets are a core part of the accounting process, O perations is a core part of Riordans process. Legal Legal systems need to be connected to the accounting system in order to maintain legal watch over the system. One example of how Legal could benefit from a connection to the accounting system is that it would be able to monitor inventory and approve where Riordan products are being sent. This would make sure export laws and restrictions are being met.Legal can also interact with Human Resources, Finance, Sales, and Operations over the accounting system to make sure that all aspects of the legal requirements for corporate accounting are followed. Reports and policies could be put in place by Legal in the system to ensure integrity and ethics. Information Technology IT has many reasons to be connected to the accounting system. Ordering, policy implementation, monitoring, and dungeon are just a few of the aspects of business that would benefit from the Information Technology system being connected to the accounting system.Monitoring, policies, and support are a huge reason for IT to be connected. Accounting is one of the most important aspects to running a business. IT needs to carefully monitor and support validity and integrity within an accounting system as well as ensure proper policies, established in conjunction with legal, are in place. Income Statement Analysis In reviewing the Income Statement for Riordan Manufacturing, there are some concerns on cost expenses that managers will need to adjust. Even though the sales revenue from 2004 to 2005 has increased 10. % from $46 million to $50 million, a combination of develop cost of goods sold and operating expenses has caused the net profit to decrease during the identical period. The direct cost of goods sold increased 12. 2% from $37. 5 million to $42 million. A possible cause for this increase may be that Riordan may have abundance of inventory on hand as a result of ordering above the ordering point. in spite of the high increase in cost of goods sold , the crude(a) margin still increased, but by only 2. 6% from $8. 6 million to $8. 8 million. In addition to the 12. % increase in cost of goods sold, the operating expenses also incurred by Riordan Manufacturing increased 8% from $5. 3 million to $5. 7 million. These two big increases in costs incurred compared to the small increase in the gross margin proved to be too much, resulting in a decrease in profit forwards interest and tax expenses. The profit before taxes and interest expenses decreased 6. 3% from $3. 2 million to $3 million. In addition to the negative figures, there are some positive figures to bring into the mix. Despite the profit before taxes and interest expense decreasing by 6. %, the net profit only decreased by 1. 7% from $2 million to $1. 95 million. The reason for the smaller decrease in the net profit was a 13. 5% decrease in non-operating expenses including tax and interest expenses from $1. 3 million to $1. 1 million. The main focus to increase profits f rom 2005 to 2006 would be looking into decreasing the cost of goods sold and some of the operating expenses while continuing the trend in decreasing the non-operating expenses or at least keeping the cost manageable. What the company is doing wrongRiordans Inventory accounts for a large share of its current assets (54%). On the surface this may represent a weakness however the company has an inventory turn of 5. 35 (cost of goods sold annually/inventory) which means the company goes though its inventory 5. 35 times per year or every 68 days. Riordans products are not perishable and enjoy a very long shelf life so this turnover rate of relatively good. This relatively high turnover rate allows for it to maintain relatively low cash balances as it can raise cash quickly from sale of inventory.This is reflected in the high balance of the accounts receivable. In addition, the company continues to carry a significant long term debt without a noticeable attempt to lessen that debt. Analys is of shareholder impartiality shows that the value of the companys shares is greater than the total shareholders equity, a sign of deficit. The debt to equity ratio is fairly high at 56%, this a potential sign of weakness as well. While the company has maintained a gross margin of over 8. 5 million for the past two years, its operating expenses have increased during the same period affecting its profit margin.This is a sign that Riordan is not doing well in keeping its costs low to be more profitable. The opportunities would be to focus on increasing sales at the same decreasing general and administrative costs. To achieve this, the company needs to invest in IT systems. Eliminating incompatible systems and consolidating information at its headquarter will help in reducing administrative costs. References Riordan Manufacturing. 2004. University of Phoenix. Accessed September 2008 from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Riordan/Internet/IndexPort. htm

Impact of Cultural Differences, Internal and Environmental Factors at Airbus Essay

Employees ar bear upon by a number of internal and external forces that when combined produce given behaviours and attitudes. In this paper, I will consider the mark factors affecting individual and groups behaviour and their corresponding relationship to the personal and organisational performance. The scenario, Airbus manufacturing plant in Toulouse, is dominated by tensions amongst groups of workers with different heathenish background. The impact of those cultural challenges, the pressures of delivering the A380s in time and the demands from the external environment will be some of the factors that will be considered in the analysis below. In differentiate to understand the multiple forces and the organisational change processes undertaken by Airbus, two influential frameworks for change have been examined in this paper. The model introduced by Burke and Litwin (2002), and the approach presented by Kotter (1995), ground upon the authors research into corporate change.1. Ind ividual factors Attitudes and personal behavioural codes consist of an organisation of feelings, thoughts and cognitions in a defined situation. Airbus employees appear not to be motivated to discharge the groups objectives as there are too many tensions and too much suspicion (Hollinger & Wiesmann, 2008), as reported by an official of the French union. As work motivation and job satisfaction are closely linked with the overall performance of workers, it is important to identify factors leading to job dissatisfaction at Airbus. The arrival of two thousand electricians to resolve wiring problem has impacted negatively on the Toulouse plant resulting in overcrowding, sudden change in industrial processes and dispositions against other individuals with a number of differences. The temperament and individual emotions are difficult to understand for people with diverse cultural upbringing. There are also differences in pay which are perceived as unequal and negative, particularly for th ose employees not on secondment. In summary, individuals are often resistant to change which involve tone ending and uncertainty. One of the most common reasons for human resistance is the focus on their own best interests instead of the organisations (Kotter & Schlesinger, 1979).2. Work group factors Although group diversity can potentially create a positive organisational synergy, the same can also create unique challenges resulting from social integration, tension, and conflict (Jehn, Northcraft & Neale, 1999). In the causal agent of Airbus, it appears there are two leaders from different groups and cultures bringing different attitudes and dispositions to the groups, giving birth to home(a)istic tensions between French and German employees. Management rivalries decease a detrimental model for working groups (Drucker, 1986). Team engagement and social integration are then increasingly difficult as the majority of Germans are temporary employees coming from outside the famil iarity. Furthermore, the organisational culture of Airbus is affected by the wishing of trust and transparency from management. In this situation, fear and suspicion emerge and French groups emerge to perceive the growing influence of German managers as unfair and unequal. All these factors create frustrations amongst the teams and individuals thus producing uncertainty which affects the plant performance and the companionships tycoon to meet delivery schedules.3. Organisational factors The organisational structure and culture as well as its policies and systems, together with the set goals influence employee and team behaviours. With this in mind, it is important to consider that Airbus and its stir company EADS were merged in the name of European unity and intended to be more competitive in the aerospace industry. With the internal pressures of company restructuring consisting of the A380 delivery targets and legitimate production delays, Airbus workers become dominated by u ncertainties and tension between different working groups. As Kotter and Schlesinger (1979) highlighted in their study, human resistance often emerges during organisational change efforts. violence 8, Airbus restructuring programme which consisted of undertaking a number of changes including job cuts, factory sales, new areas for components sourcing and leadership turnover, produces social tensions and management rivalries inside the organisation.4. External environment An analysis of the national and global context of Airbus is crucial to understanding the influence of external forces producing both opportunities and threats to the organisation. Amongst those factors, pressures from politics, unions and normal opinion are dominant forces in the case of Airbus. Competition in the global food market, mainly between Airbus and Boeing, is also intense. Each company is under pressure and suffering from severe delays in delivery targets. State shareholders naturally makes the company subject to political interests and government rules and regulations affect Airbus operations management and its decision making process. Questions are raised about the compatibility of the companys economic goals and its committal to more political and social objectives. The leadership team need to engage and negotiate with trade unions, political parties and public movements to ensure success in the companys outcomes. Thus pressure from different groups makes it problematic for Airbus to align the internal organisation with the external forces.5. Change dynamics Burke and Litwin (1992) present a causal model that helps to define and establish a cause-and-effect relationship between a number of organizational elements which are key to organizational change. The linkage between these is the key to effective change. They identify the external environment as the dominant factor driving change in organisations which affects their mission, culture, leadership and dodging. The companys structure, systems, management practices, and clime are in turn linked to those dimensions and impact the overall performance. In the case of Airbus, the merger between Airbus and EADS and the strong competition of Boeing in the global aerospace market are the most dominant external forces. Those trigger a series of further changes in the company, which together, affects the motivation level of employees and work groups.6. Change management issues Kotter (1995) in his corporate change analysis provides a number of lessons learnt which help understand the complex issues outlined in the Airbus case study. One of the issues in Airbus strategy is the lack of cooperation from individuals and teams. Morale and motivation are important factors to control and influence, especially in the first phase of the transformational process. Additionally, the role of leadership in legal injury of establishing a vision, communicating it and being the example of the new behaviours is also crucial. Ai rbus past rivalry between the former French and German management sides have been detrimental for the change effort. As Drucker (1986) points out managers inability to change their attitudes and behaviour as rapidly as their organizations require (Drucker, 1986) is a barrier for organisational growth. It is important to consider that changes take a dour time to naturalise into the company culture. The benefit of Airbus restructuring programme, Power 8, cannot be judged before its time. The change in habits and rules destabilise people and the companys exposure to public opinion and political interest increases the process of change in its complexity.Conclusion Todays workforce is becoming more diverse in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. Managers are duty bound to develop skills to influence the relationship between team diversity and team outcomes by analysing the current situation and workable issues to be avoided. Changes are generally needed in the instance of Airbus, they a re implementing a large scale change affecting the organisational leadership, culture, structure and operations. Consequently, people affected by change experience some level of discomfort but leaders can increase their level of success by selecting the right strategy and approach to use with workgroups and individuals. Effective change management strategy should be consistent with the companys management behaviour and the overall companys culture, ensuring alignment of people internally and externally in the public environment. The change process in every organisation requires a length of time and provision for individual change which proceed through stages which should not be overlooked for a successful outcome.

Quick Thinking Saves the Day

It was a long day at work and I however could not cargo area to reach home. I had to walk a unforesightful distance to where my friends worked first because we decided that we would carpool for the week. Before we even approached the highway we could limit the rush hour handicraft from a distance, so we decided to take the previous(a) Road to beat the traffic. This road has not been used very often by motorists as on that point were reports of car thefts, robberies and many other suspicious activities. yet I save wanted to reach home agilely because I was exhausted and they had no occupation with my idea.Entering a road that I assumed is the doddery Road, it looked very mistrustful and mysterious but I still took it. If I was wrong I would just make a U-Turn and return to the major road. I earn never used the Old Road before so I was a shortsighted afraid of what we might encounter on this journey, so I t centenarian everyone to wind up their windows. While making our wa y up the road, we spotted rusty old car parts, some burned cars and heaps of scraps along the roadside. Ten minutes later down the road and I was fully convinced that I had taken the wrong road, so did my friends. I do a U-Turn in a side street.On our way approve up the road we cud see a man wearing a yellow-bellied and orange striped shirt running towards the car. We did not know where he came from but it looked like he appeared from some nearby bushes. He threw a brick through and through the windscreen and it came caving in. The entire glass chattered and covered the front stern. My friend Abigail whom was sitting in the passengers seat got the worst of the fragments of glass. It covered her entire legs and when I looked down there was a lot of blood. Everyone was screaming and panicking and mostly in reverse as to what just took place.The man then tried to open the back left passenger door. Luckily my friend Susan, who was sitting there, managed to close it back with speed . As soon as I saw that I knew that something had to be simulatee quickly, so I put the car back in second gear and just drove. We dont know what his intentions were, but we made a safe getaway, I looked in my rear-view mirror and cud just see him disappearing within the distance. I felt really lucky to be brisk because he could have raped us girls or worse yet killed us and even could have taken the car and no-one would have known.We made it push through of the Old Road and went to the Police Station to file a report. My friend in the front seat was telling me that she was glad that I was driving because it was my quick thinking that got us out of that situation alive. While in the Police Station my friends praised me for not taenia the vehicle even though they could have seen the shock in my face. I kept good composure and lead my friends away from the danger. I told them that I had to give thanks my mother for teaching me so well because she constantly said, Never to stop fo r anything on the side of the road, which turned out to be advice that saved our lives. (582 words)Quick view Saves the DayIt was a long day at work and I just could not wait to reach home. I had to walk a short distance to where my friends worked first because we decided that we would carpool for the week. Before we even approached the highway we could see the rush hour traffic from a distance, so we decided to take the Old Road to beat the traffic. This road has not been used very often by motorists as there were reports of car thefts, robberies and many other suspicious activities. But I just wanted to reach home quickly because I was exhausted and they had no problem with my idea.Entering a road that I assumed is the Old Road, it looked very mistrustful and mysterious but I still took it. If I was wrong I would just make a U-Turn and return to the major road. I have never used the Old Road before so I was a little afraid of what we might encounter on this journey, so I told eve ryone to wind up their windows. While making our way up the road, we spotted rusty old car parts, some burned cars and heaps of garbage along the roadside. Ten minutes later down the road and I was fully convinced that I had taken the wrong road, so did my friends. I made a U-Turn in a side street.On our way back up the road we cud see a man wearing a yellow and orange striped shirt running towards the car. We did not know where he came from but it looked like he appeared from some nearby bushes. He threw a brick through the windscreen and it came caving in. The entire glass chattered and covered the front seat. My friend Abigail whom was sitting in the passengers seat got the worst of the fragments of glass. It covered her entire legs and when I looked down there was a lot of blood. Everyone was screaming and panicking and mostly in shock as to what just took place.The man then tried to open the back left passenger door. Luckily my friend Susan, who was sitting there, managed to cl ose it back with speed. As soon as I saw that I knew that something had to be do quickly, so I put the car back in second gear and just drove. We dont know what his intentions were, but we made a safe getaway, I looked in my rear-view mirror and cud just see him disappearing within the distance. I felt really lucky to be alive because he could have raped us girls or worse yet killed us and even could have taken the car and no-one would have known.We made it out of the Old Road and went to the Police Station to file a report. My friend in the front seat was telling me that she was glad that I was driving because it was my quick thinking that got us out of that situation alive. While in the Police Station my friends praised me for not stopping the vehicle even though they could have seen the shock in my face. I kept good composure and lead my friends away from the danger. I told them that I had to thank my mother for teaching me so well because she always said, Never to stop for anyt hing on the side of the road, which turned out to be advice that saved our lives. (582 words)

Why Do People Lie

Luisa F. Samayoa Professor Class Date Why do People Lie If you argon truthful in a relationship, nonhing hurts more(prenominal) than auditory modality a lie from your partner sometimes dwelling the truth may hurt even more, yet still, in the longer run, a lie causes more damage than truth. Mark Twain once said, If you testify the truth, you dont have to remember anything. lie is not as simple as telling the truth versus disproof it. It is deeper than that. It may well be close creating a whole new set of truths that only the liar knows of. Today, I reflect on an interesting bailiwick why do people lie?Four years ago, I tried to understand why people lie, so I have been researching and information from my friends and own experiences. fiction is a constant action that is use in a daily day. So according to psychology today, much of the research shows that we tell 2 to 3 lies every 10 seconds. So, its about 930 now, suggest that most of us should have lied. Lets frivol away a look, how many an(prenominal) of you have lied in the last 72 hours? Think back Have told a fib, or a big genius? How many have told a little lie out there? (Raise Hand) All right these are all the liars, make sure you pay financial aid to them. (Smile) No, that looked good, it was about 2/3 of you.The other 3rd. didnt lie or perhaps forgot, or youre lying to me about your lying, which is very devious. (Smile) SHOW STADISTICS untruth has been used in the past and is not a recent behavior that has been adapted, as a result has been carried through evolution. Here we have Diogenes with his lantern. Does anyone knows what he was looking for? A single honest man and he died without finding one back in Greece. Also, we have Confucius in the East who was really concerned with sincerity. So let me talk about new deceptions we have been tracking. They are called The butler, Sock-puppet and the Chinese water.Lets start with the Butlers. * On my way, anybody ever written on my way? (R aise hand) indeed youve also lied. We are never on our way. We are thinking on going on our way. * Sorry I didnt respond to you earlier, my outpouring was dead. Your battery wasnt dead You werent in a dead zone You just didnt unavoidableness to respond to that person that time. * Youre talking to someone and you say Sorry, got work, gotta go But really, you are just bored, you want to talk to someone else. In fellowship to succeed everyday, people have created an action, this action is called Lying and is used for different purposes.It appears some lie for no reason at all, while many lie with great reasoning, some lie for a cause, and many build a cause to lie. Let me tell you, it has been a fantastic month for deception and Im not even talking about the high profile journalist caught for plagiarism get publicity & better pay, a young superstar writer whose book involves so many do up quotes that theyve been pulled from the shelves to be known and make money a NY Times expose on fake book reviews (Chinese water) to attract/gain publicity. now of course, not all deception hits the news. Much of the deception is every day.People lie for many reason and some are to save their face (example), Lying to shift blame (example), Lying to avoid confrontation, Lying to get ones way (Example), to hide information (This one can be used for good reasons or bad ones. Example good/bad), matter of habit or to gain attention. But can you detect a liar? some people say they can sometimes and they are able to tell by seeing through their eyes, tone of voice or their body movement. Now that you have understand why people lie and that this action has been taking place since long time ago, I will tell you some of its benefits. be there benefits on lying?Of course, telling a lie for personal benefits is always wrong, but if it can save lives or using it to dont hurt someone else is worth it. One of the best examples of a great benefit lying cause is about the teacher in Con necticut. Now that you know a little about why people lie, you are able to be aware of many lies people have been telling in order to achieve their objectives. As a result, around the world people lie for different reasons, some can be positive or negative. All this lies are being used by people to create a buffer, because we live in a 24/7 connected world and we just want to succeed in life.

Four Women in American Music History

American music history has grown an incredible amount in the last hundred years. Prior to that time, there were very hardly a(prenominal) styles of music that originated in America. However, with the advent of go to sleep and related styles, American music culture was born. Blues is one of the early styles of music that is truly American, and there ar galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) American artists who sang or performed in that style. In fact, blues is still popular today, although it has changed everyplace time. Blues is an important and long-term American musical comedy style, which has had many effects on musical culture from the early 1900s through today.Bessie Smith was an early blues singer. She was popular in the 1920s and 30s, and was known as much for her hard-drinking, rough life as much as her music. She sang about what she knew. Bessie was an African American woman who indulged in sex and alcohol, and had a well up-set temper. She never gave up without a fig ht, either in her music or her life. Getting into a fight with Bessie wasnt something a person wanted to do, either, because she was over six feet tall and weighed about two hundred pounds. Bessie had a history of getting into fist fights with people, male or female.She too took off after her ex with a gun when she found him cheating on her, after beating up his lover. However, Bessie herself was known for sleeping with a event of both men and women (Whitney). Musically, Bessie was not really trained. She could not read music, and relied on other musicians to write her songs down for her. She did write her own lyrics, though. She was a formidable presence on stage, able to sing loudly and strongly because of her size, and her tendency to sing in the range that was easiest for her.In writing her music, Bessie tended to modify existing melodies, and sometimes create new ones, so that they lay well in her good range (Whitney). Here is an example of Bessies lyrics, which show her fee lings about life plainly I aint no high yella, Im a thickset killer brown. /I aint gonna marry, aint gonna settle down. /Im gonna drink good moonshine and rub these browns down. /See that long lonesome road, Lawd you know its gonna end,/and Im a good woman and I can get plenty men (Whitney). Bessie was also known as something of a racist. man her fans were both black and white, she was rude to both whites and lighter-skinned blacks. Even at the big top of her career, when she had enough money to live as she chose (even as a white person might, in the early 30s), she chose to stay on the streets and to live the life that was known to her. Her lyrics here show her thinking on this matter Mister rich man, rich man, open up your nerve centre and mind,/Mister rich man, rich man, open up your heart and mind/Give the poor man a chance, help stop these hard, hard times./While youre livin in your mansion you dont know what hard times means, /While youre livin in your mansion you dont kno w what hard times means /Poor working mans wife is starving your wife is livin like a queen (Whitney). Ethel amniotic fluid is a blues singer who began performing later in Bessies career. While Bessie was primarily performing and well known during the 1920s, Ethel became better known in the 1930s (her career did officially begin in 1921, though). Ethel was specifically a different kind of blues singer than Bessie, and in fact was different from her in many ways.Ethel is also of African American decent, provided she grew up in the North and was heavily influenced by white performers. When she began performing professionally, Ethel joined a crowd of blacks who called themselves Cakewalk singers, which was distinctly different from the more traditional blues singers, like Bessie (PBS). Ethels acceptance of whites can be traced to what was a very rough lineage for her. She was born when her mother was only 12. Her mother had been raped by a white man, John Waters. Ethel, then, is h alf-white, and carries her fathers surname.She was raised by her agnatic grannie in poverty, and began relation at age 5. Her beginnings are much more similar to Bessies, but what she did with herself later differs widely (Myers). Ethel worked with a number of famous jazz performers, including Duke Ellington. In addition to her singing career, Ethel was also an actress, an area of her life that last came to the forefront. Her singing style was not nearly as strong as Bessies, but she performed very theatrically and managed to capture the audiences interest in all of her music.This came in handy, as she continued performing through the 1960s and 70s, working at that time with Billy Graham (PBS). Ultimately, Bessies influence on Ethel was very indirect. Both were jazz singers in a time when African Americans were outgrowth on the rise in popularity on the stage. Bessies grit may have given Ethel opportunities she might not have otherwise had. In many other ways, though, the two we re very different attitude, style, and more. Dinah Washington is another important singer in this chain of history.Her birth name was Ruth Jones, and she was born in 1924. She is significantly younger than both Ethel and Bessie, whose careers were near their peaks when she was born. Music was in Dinahs family from the beginning. Her mother was a church pianist, and taught her to play at a young age. She was ensuant and touring by the time she was 16, and had already won prizes. However, although her initial roots were in the church, Dinah longed to work in secular music, namely jazz (Dahl).At age 19, Dinah got her big break, singing with Lionel Hamptons Big Band, then one of the most popular music styles. By 1945, she was preserve her own solo work for the Apollo label and Mercury records, and by 1948, she was on her way to major stardom. 1959 was her biggest year, when she sang What a Difrence a Day Makes (Dahl). In her personal life, Dinah was similar to Bessie. She had many hus bands, and she drank a lot. In fact, alcohol and drugs eventually killed her at the end of 1963 (Dahl). In addition, she also loved the finer things, including fur, clothes, and cars.Her personality was known as feisty, and she could be snapping one minute and generous the next (Cohodas). At first glance, Christina Aguilera doesnt look much like the other stars. For one, she isnt black. For another, she was born after all of the other singers had died. However, it is her roots and influences that she is similar to them. Like Dinah, she is biracial, with a mom who is Irish and a father who is Ecuadorian. Her father was in the military, which meant that Christina traveled a lot as a child (Biggest Stars).Also like the other singers, Christina was interest in singing and performing from the time she was a young girl. Her family was also musical, with her mother performing on violin and piano professionally. Christina had a brief, two-year skimp on The Mickey Mouse Club when she was a child, working with other singers who later became famous, like Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake (Biggest Stars). Christinas initial music was definitely pop, with her first number one single titled Genie in a Bottle. The single topped both the U. S. and UK charts in 1999.For a while longer, Christina continued in the pop genre, recording for the movie Mulan, and singing a new version of Lady Marmalade with several other female pop stars (Biggest Stars). Christinas work eventually began to seem little significant to her, and she decided to record her 2002 album Stripped. The album was the first that really showed her background and influences. Her comments about this album Coming off of the height of being a part of such a big pop-craze phenomenon, that imagery of that cookie-cutter sweetheart, without it being me, I just had to take it all down and get it away from me.And that is why I actually named the album Stripped, because it is about being emotionally stripped down an d pretty bare to open my soul and heart. This album used many different influences, including soul, R&B, rock, hip-hop and Latin (Biggest Stars). Aguileras influences were similar to the earlier stars mentioned. She looked to soul and R&B, both of which are styles typically recorded by African Americans. The blues aspect of R&B, in particular, is interesting to note. Aguilera was following in the footsteps of the other female jazz singers with this style.Also, similar to Dinah Washington, Aguilera sang pop (Dinah did pop in addition to her jazz roots). In general, all quadruplet of these women have things in common, and things that are different. Each grew up under similar circumstances, often with mostly maternal influences. Most had some kind of musical background at home. Most grew up poor, and all had an early talent for music and singing. Most also had a taste for sex, drugs, and some rougher things in life, and had a hard time at one point or another. However, each was uniqu e.Bessie was certainly the biggest and most blunt of the group, while Christina stood of the opposite end as the sweetheart of pop for awhile. Christina was also different in that she was not of African American decent in any way, although Ethel was also half-white. Some of the singers, namely Dinah, had their start in gospel music, while others went straight for jazz or pop. Overall, it is interesting how strikingly similar the artists are, even though there are also very big differences in their lives and styles.Their stories and backgrounds are surprisingly similar in some respects, but very different in others. These four women are just some of the amazing performers from the rich tapestry that is American music history. Sources Burns, Ken. Ethel Waters. Jazz. Accessed on December 4, 2007. Website http//www. pbs. org/jazz/biography/artist_id_waters_ethel. htm. Christina Aguilera Biography. Biggest Stars. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. biggeststars. com/c/christi na-aguilera-biography. html. Cohodas, Nadine (2004).Queen The brio and Music of Dinah Washington. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. dinahthequeen. com/. Dahl, Bill. Dinah Washington. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. vervemusicgroup. com/dinahwashington. Myers, Aaron. Ethel Waters. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. wntb. com/blackachievers/ethlwaters/. Whitney, Ross (1995). Reflections Of 1920s And 30s Street Life In The Music Of Bessie Smith. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//bluesnet. hub. org/readings/bessie. html.

Lifespan Human Development Essay

Lifespan, simply defined, is the utmost period of cadence that a living universe batch survive. Lifespan can as well as be applied to a material or object. For a human, the period between his birth and death is a process that is identified as the lifespanspan information. According to Rebecca Heron (2010), lifespan development encompasses all of the developments or changes that occur from birth throughout life. Others termed lifespan development as a series of events that took place in a souls life that made him more populateledgeable or wise.Others call it journey. Everyone has their give stories to tell. No matter how sad or colorful ones story is, it is still something that we can call journey. Let me start mine by letting you know something about me. I am a Latin-American (Cuban) male. I was raised in Newark, NJ and I am in my tardily thirties now. When I got married last 2004, I moved down to south Jersey. People say that I am a good listener and that I give a good pi ece of advise. Like every other teenagers, I can say that I gained experiences from my teenage years.Thanks for my lift out friend Denniz she was always at that place peculiarly during my rough times in relationships. She was my shoulder to cry on when I needed one. D. Boyd and H. Bee (2009) tell that there is a Learning Theory that can be applied in a persons life. According to this theory, ones development results from an accumulation of experiences. I agree to this concept because I can say that people goes through a lot of experiences in life. Love is a great experience. I can still remember macrocosm in love and being out of love merely still moved on. With a friend like Denniz, who says life can be so tough?We used to hang out most o the time as I can remember but then she has to move to California during our late teens. We continue to talk over the phone, share each others stories until fate has to take her away. A terrible car accident took the life out of my friend a nd until now, there is never a day that I do not think of her. I know that whatever I am right now, she is a part of it. Living on the darkest point of my life, somehow, I manage to move on. In fact, I acknowledge the need for high education that is why I pursue studying. I can say that despite the hardships I had, I also gained success.I manage to buy a home, getting married, being asked to speak at my GED graduation on TV, and simply being there to help my parents when they needed me most. I also value dewy-eyed things like my dog licking my face, the warmth smile of wife, and sometimes, being very child like. I got hurt a lot of times. First, when my beat friend died. Then, when I found out that my aunt died in a cold hospital room instead of spending her time with her family. I also got hurt when I was laid-off from my job of 14 years which made me feel that I failed my wife.Because of this, I make sure that I do not disappoint someone, especially my loved ones. I developed t he hatred for failure. However, I believe that life is a form of trial and error. Whenever my actions did not produce the outcome that I wanted, I re-think and plan again. Until I am very sure that I will be successful. Intelligence and sensitivity are imparted to me by my parents. There are times that I am emotional kind of than logical. But with a bundle of experiences that I have in my life, I learned to balance both of them when I wanted to be successful in the things I do or the decisions I made.I can say that I am in the nerve centre of my journey now. I believe that there are more experiences for me to face and I am ready for it. I had become a better person because of the experiences in my life because it taught me how to be tough and move forward. Twenty or thirty years from now, I want to visualize myself obtaining a degree in nursing. It feels good that your parents and wife are proud of you. They had been there when I started this task and I want them to be there when I am successful. Of course, I also want to have children of my own where I can be a proud parent someday.I want to teach them what my parents taught me and am able to know that I and my wife have influenced them in a fine way. Now, I can say that my goal as of the moment is to change the relationship between me and my two older brothers. We did not develop expressing our feelings towards each other on our younger years even though we spend a lot of time together. As I age, I feel the need to open up more with them because our relationship as siblings becomes deeper. Id also like to see my friend Denniz someday.I like to tell her what I went through and how she had become part of it. Id like to tell her that she is never forgotten and that she is the best friend I ever had. Id also like to see my aunt. I wanted to say sorry for not being there when she needed us. Id tell her that we cared for her and ask for her forgiveness. Trials come at times when you do not expect it but with a strong alignment with family and friends, it is easy to overcome. With all the influences I have in this journey of mine, I owe most of it to my family.From the hobby of watching movies, to being charismatic and even being open-minded about things, I got it from my family and some from my friends. They are most important to me. That is why disappointing them is the least that I want to do. Id rather use my ability to make them laugh and see smiles on their faces rather than inflict pain on their hearts. References Bee, Helen and Boyd, Denise. (2009). Lifespan Development. Prentice Hall. Heron, Rebecca (2010). Definition of Lifespan Development, retrieved whitethorn 2, 2010, from http//www. ehow. com/facts_6066997_definition-lifespan-development. html

Multiple Regression Model

Project Multiple Regression Model Introduction Todays shop food grocery place offers as many opportunities for investors to raise funds as jeopardies to lose it because commercialize depends on different factors, such as overall observed lands performance, foreign countries performance, and upset(prenominal) nonethelessts. One of the most important source grocery store indexes is Standard & Poors 500 (S 500) as it comprises the 500 largest American companies across various industries and sectors. Many people stupefy their money into the market to get return on investment.Investors ask themselves questions like how to make money on the phone line market and is there a fashion to predict in some degree how the declination market will behave? There be lots and lots of variables involved in how the stock market behaves at a specific time. The stock market is in a style an information agency. Based on new information, whether good or bad regarding almost everything from p olitical issues to interest rates and lump, the stock market can go up or down. The market is anticipating economic occurrences proactively, ignoring already occurred events that were predicted before.This way it is very hard to predict how it is spill to playact in the future. As S 500 is considered to be the most reliable benchmarkfor the overall U. S. stock market, we decided to study what factor has the most impact on it. We created two regression determines and included the economic indicators, such as Consumer expenditure Index, Producer Price Index, House Price index, fire Rate, Unemployment Rate, and Gross Domestic harvesting of some countries. Model Specification and Data How accurately can we predict the stock market behavior?People working in the finance industry have been trying to estimate or predict the behavior of stock market for a long time, or maybe some of them already have a very long and complex put of predicting the behavior of a stock market based on m any factors and variables. We decided to use the US economic indicators and the other countries gross domestic product. With this research we are hoping to find a statistically substantive model that would describe what affects the stock market. We used the average annual data from 1980 to 2011 to track the influence on the US market. Our data is a time-series data.It is very interesting since inside these 31 years there were a lot of changes in the countries economies, financial regulations and policies. At the very beginning, we assumed that the following factors may have influence on stock market S (Percentage Change) = ? 0 + ? 1*(yearly CPI) + ? 2*(Annual Average PPI) + ? 3*(Annual Average House Price Index) + ? 4*(Annual Average Interest Rate) + ? 5*(Percentage Change of Annual Average GDP of US) + ? 6*(Percentage Change of Annual Average GDP of Spain) + ? 7*(Percentage Change of Annual Average GDP of Germany) 1 Consumer Price Index reflects the pronounce of inflation in the countrys economy. That indicator is very important in the assessment of the stock market performance. If inflation grows, the interest rate rises and this prevents the companies to take in money for further development of their businesses. This entire situation may hurt the stock prices of the companies and thats why we wanted to come over how big the impact is. We assume that this variable is going affect the dependent variable a lot. ?2 Producer Price Index indicates early state of inflation.Therefore, if investors know that the PPI heralds a strong economy with no make up in an interest rate, then they feel confident to invest in the businesses what means increase positive activity in the market. We assume that this variable is going to have some impact on the dependent variable however it is not going to be crucial. ?3 House Price Index is an analytical tool for estimating changes in the rates of mortgages. If mortgage rates are high, then housing market is weak because deman d for admits drops due to expensive loans, therefore HPI drops.In 2008 mortgage default affected stock market very severely because before that period house prices went down because people couldnt pay their mortgage payments and banks collapsed. Decrease in house prices is one of the possible contributors to recession because the home owners lose their equity in their houses. Considering such recession scenario, the stock market always becomes bearish. Additionally, house market is considered more(prenominal) stable investment than stock market. When stock market drops, people are instinctive in the houses and HPI goes up.We assume that HPI and stock market shouldnt move in the similar delegation thereby we dont take into precondition the complex scenario of 2008. ?4 10-Year exchequer Constant Maturity Rate impacts on the number of issued bond and is used as risk free rate to omen the excess return on the investment. It also has an influence on the stock market. ?5 Gross Dome stic Product of the US is important for business meshing and this can drive the stock prices up. Investing in the stock market seems reasonable when the economy is doing well.If the economy is growing fast then the stock market should be affected positively, the investors are more optimistic about the future and they put more money into market more. This variable is crucial for the dependent one. ?6 Gross Domestic Product of Spain. Since Europe is currently in a recession, we wanted to include the GDP of Spain, as one of the weakest economies in Europe now, to snap off if there is any family relationship amongst Spains economy and the US stock market performance. Very small percentage of US investments goes to Spain.Compared to Germany, which is the 5th country the USA invests into, Spain is the 31st country on the list. There should not be any correlation between these two variables, so we included Spains GDP into our regression to check our hypothesis. ?7 Gross Domestic Produc t of Germany is an indicator of Germany is the 5th largest economy in the world and is the largest European trade and investment teammate of the US. Germany is the largest economy in Europe and almost 1/5 of GDP of the European Union is that of Germany alone. We assume that this variable has to have an impact on the US stock market.The sanction regression model is the following S (Annual Average) = ? 0 + ? 1*(Annual CPI) + ? 2*(Annual Average House Price Index) + ? 3*(Annual Average Interest Rate) + ? 4*(Average Annual Unemployment Rate) + ? 5*(Annual Average GDP of US) + ? 6*(Annual Average GDP of Germany) + ? 7*(Annual Average GDP of China) After we run the regression of the second model, it solutioned in improving of our model accuracy. We excluded PPI, GDP of Spain because it came out that these variables have no impact on the US stock market.Also, we added the unemployment rate and GDP of China because it is the largest US business partner. Here is the explanation of the new variables Unemployment Rate is one of the most important factors of the economys performance. High unemployment rate decreases the buyer power of the consumers. 2/3 of the US economy is consumer based and it influences the stock market negatively. We assume that there is a relationship between these two variables. Gross Domestic Product of China affects the US economy because cheap export from China prevents inflation in the US.China is a huge buyer of the US Treasuries. It lowers the interest rate and companies borrow money to invest in development hence, it directly affects the stock market. We assume that GDP of China and US stock market move in the same direction, meaning if China does well, it has money to buy US Treasuries. Additionally, the US stock market increases because production of those US companies that is outsourced to China grows. Results The First Model pic Looking at this model, we see that only the interest rate and GDP of US are statistically significant becaus e they have P-values lower than 0. 05.The rest variables do not gibe with S because their P-values are high. Our assumption about Spains economy affecting the US stock market was proved. The coefficient we got for GDP of Spain is statistically insignificant. Looking at the US and Spain investment relationships in the broad aspect we see that Spains performance has no significant impact on the US stock market even considering its economic situation. PPI is a fraction of inflation and CPI also reflects inflation, so we decided to exclude one variable because two variables together cancelled individually other out and we got defected result.As P-value is smaller compared to P-value of PPI, we decided to keep it in the second model. Looking at the adjusted R square which is 26 %, we concluded that model is deficient and we have to change the variables. The Second Model pic Each estimated coefficients we can interpret as follows -For every 1 unit increase in Annual CPI, the S will go d own by -25. 68 S points. When inflation goes up, it causes interest rate to go up, therefore companies are not willing to borrow money and invest. Hence the S index moves in the opposite direction to CPI.The P-value of 0. 000368 implies that the results are statistically significant and it coincides with our assumption. -For every 1 unit increase in House Price Index, the S goes down by -7. 97 units, which tell us that when the price of houses rises, the stock market moves in the opposite direction and it shrinks because people invest in the housing market. The P-value of 0. 000028 shows it is a statistically significant outcome. -For every 1 unit increase in Annual Average 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate, the S index goes up by 27. 4 units. It would imply that when interest rates go up then the stock market goes up as well, but the p-value of 0. 154 tells us the results are not statistically significant and we should not rely on this outcome. There is no correlation. -For e very 1 unit increase in Annual Average Unemployment Rate in US, the S goes down by 40. 44 units. The p-value of 0. 043 shows what we consider a statistically significant correlation. We can conclude that unemployment rate has a reverse impact on the stock market.When more people have jobs, more people have money to spend and to invest, hence the economy speeds up and the stock market goes up. -For every 1 unit increase in Annual Average GDP of US, the S goes up by 0. 601 index units. The p-value of 0. 00000069 shows the outcome is statistically significant, and implies that when the GDP of US grows meaning that the economy is doing better, investors are more confident and invest more and stock market also goes up. -For every 1 unit increase in Annual Average GDP of Germany, the S goes up by 0. 224 units.We assumed that when Germany is producing more products and their economy is doing well, then the stock market in US does somewhat better too because Germany and US have an economic interaction. The P-value of 0. 155 tells us that the relationship is not statistical significant to conclude the Annual Average GDP of Germany has a positive relationship with S. -For every 1 unit increase in Annual Average GDP of China, the S goes down by . 154 units. US economy as we know is affected by Chinese economy. When US companies move production overseas, specifically to China, the stock market in US does poorly.The P-value of 0. 005 means that this results is statistically significant. We did not find any violations with SLR/MLR assumptions. There appears to be no line of work with the data and all the results are relevant. Summary The adjusted R2 of . 96 means that our regression of 96% explains the changes in S. We found out that the biggest correlation is observed between US GDP, CPI, HPI, and Chinas GDP. We found out that the GDP of Germany and Interest Rate has no significant correlation with S predicted performance.As we explained above in the result section, the i nvestors should look at US economy performance as well as Chinas economic performance, CPI and HPI to try to predict the stock market behavior. References 1. http//www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0774473. html 2. Federal Housing Finance Agency Web send 3. U. S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Web Site 4. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Web Site 5. mhttp//research. stlouisfed. org/fred2/series/SP500/downloaddata? cid=32255

Market Segmentation Essay

An administration advisenot satisfy all the need and wants of all the consumers. Therefore, commercialize is divided into different segments so an organization discount focus on the needs and wants of the specific consumers who sh ar similar needs and demonstrate similar buyer behavior. In the world, there are different types of buyers with their own needs and behavior. Segmentation is the process to match groups of the purchasers with equivalent needs and wants.Market segmentationThe division of a market into different groups or the process of split up customers in a market into different groups or segments, within which customers show similar buying behavior and share a similar level of interest in the same set of needs and wants fit by a marketer is called Market segmentation.Reasons for segmentation of marketThe soil for segmenting a market is to accord your marketing program to focus only on the segment that is most likely to buy your offering. Market segmentation mak es possible how to lend oneself marketing mix for different target markets. A company is accordingly able to determine which groups of customers are best suited to serve and which product and redevelopment offers pull up stakes im get on with the needs of the customers and will satisfy them. Therefore, the main objective of segmentation must be how to win and go along the customers you want to serve. If the segmentation process is done properly then it will insure the maximum recurrence for your marketing and sales expenditures, depending on what you are selling and whether you are selling your offerings to someone consumers or a business.Levels of Market SegmentationSegment selling single(a) MarketingNiche MarketingLocal MarketingSegment MarketingDividing the market into different segments on the fanny of homogenous need. Segmented on basis of broad similarity with regard to some attributes. Segmentation is also sometimes identifying, capturing & retaining potential new m arkets.Individual MarketingExtreme marketing in which marketers focus on individual customers. Keep track of individual tastes & preferences of individual customers. Many companies are approaching individuals through e-mails to promote their products.Niche MarketingMarketers effort to position their product or service in smaller markets that defecate similar attributes and have been neglected by separate marketer. Segment further divided into sub segments to cater unsatisfied needs of small group is called as niche.Local MarketingMarketers offer customized products to suit the local markets. McDonalds introduced Muslimized or Arabic products such as Big Mac, Halal Chicken, Mac Arabia, and moreVariables to Segment the MarketThere are a number of segmentation variables that allow an organization to divide their market into homogenous groups. These variables will be discussed briefly belowGeographicDemographicPsychographicBehavioralGeographic segmentationIt is ground on regional var iables such as region, climate, population density, and population growth rate. Geographic segmentation divides markets into different geographical areas. Marketers use geographic segmentation because consumers in different parts of world vary in characteristics and behaviors. An area can be divided by the town, the region or the country. If you are an organization working on a global scale you may divide by global regions such as Europe, North America, randomness America, Asia and Africa.ExampleMcDonalds globally, sell burgers aimed at local markets, for example, They also offer vegetable burgers in India due to divide of vegetarians and burgers are made from lamb in India rather than beef because of religious issues also.In Mexico more chilli pepper sauce is added and so on.In Muslim countries halal intellectual nourishment is offered.In Arabic countries Arabic food is offered like Mc Arabia.Demographic SegmentationIt is based on variables such as mature, gender, ethnicity, e ducation, occupation, income, and family status. Demographics originate from the articulate demography which means a study of population. The population can be divided into age, gender, income, and family lifecycle amongst other variables. As people age their needs and wants change, some organizations develop specific products aimed at particular age groups. Gender segmentation is commonly used within the cosmetics, clothing and magazine industry. Income segmentation is another strategy used by many organizations Products and services are also aimed at different lifecycle segments.ExamplesFor different age groups Nappies for babies, toys for children, clothes for teenagers and so on. Introduction of Maxim, (www.maxim-magazine.co.uk)A male lifestyle magazine covering male fashion, films, cars, sports and technology.Psychographic SegmentationoIt is based on variables such as values, attitudes, opinions, interests, personality and lifestyle.oIt is used highly in the hospitality indus tryoVALS (Values And Lifestyles) formula Oriented- principles or beliefs rather than feelings, events, or desire for approval. Status Oriented- status or other peoples actions, approval, or opinions. Action Oriented- action prompted by a desire for social or physical activity, variety, and peril taking.Behavioral SegmentationIt is based on variables such as usage rate and patterns, price sensitivity, grime loyalty, and benefits sought. It refers to why people purchase a product or service. How will the product enhance their general lifestyle? Occasion is another variable. When should a product be purchased? Occasion segmentation aims to increase the reason to buy factor and thus increase sales. Usage rate divides customers into light, medium and heavy users. Heavy users ostensibly contribute more to turnover then light or medium users, the objective of an organization should be to attract heavy users who will make a greater contribution to company sales. It is based on benefits people seek when buying a product. It is based on Total satisfaction from a service rather than individual benefits.ExamplesWhen someone is going out to dinner McDonalds and local restaurant will not come in the same breathe for choices of where to go. When purchasing a computer the benefit sought will be of ease of use. The demand for turkeys increases during Christmas, flowers and chocolates on mothers day and so on.

Result of Eva’s Story Essay

ohn Boynton Priestley was born in 1894 and died in 1984. He was famous for contemplating apprehension and philosophy, and wrote many plays to put forward his socialist views. An examiner Calls was one of these, and is near a wealthy upper-middle break up family, the birlings, and how their views on living change as a result of a visit from an inspector. The main characters be the Birlings, Inspector Goole and Eva smith.Arthur Birling is a successful businessman his wife, Sybil, is very pretentious and their rather peculiar son, Eric, is an alcoholic. Erics sister, Sheila, has recently engaged to Gerald Croft, a gentleman of a slightly higher social class than the Birlings Mr. Birling feels a little inferior because of this. We do not know a kitty about the Inspector he is given an air of mystery and importance merely it is possible that he could be an trace of some kind or perhaps a figure to represent Priestleys own views. Eva Smith is an absent character who neverthele ss plays a huge part in the storyline.The play takes place but in the dining room of the Birlings house, which is heavily comfortable but not homelike. This unified telescope is beneficial in many ways. One thing is that it lowers the costs and requirements of the production of the play, meaning that it can be performed in a wider variety of settings and therefore be shown to more people. In addition, the audience will focusing on the actors and the plot rather than the set so much if it does not life changing, which helps retain wariness to the play.The play begins as Gerald Croft and the Birlings are celebrating as a family Sheila Birling and Geralds engagement, when the evening is interrupted by the arrival of Inspector Goole. The Inspector tells them the story of the tragic suicide of a young girl, whose name is Eva Smith, but she calls herself Daisy Renton after Mr. Birling sacks her, as an attempt to make a fresh start. He forces them to see how distributively of the peo ple present contributed to her taking her own life by swallowing disinfectant. Gradually, he picks away at the protective, self-complacent shell that the Birlings have built up around themselves, and eventually manages to pull apart the whole genius of the family. He then exits, leaving them to blame each other and argue amongst themselves.The play was written in 1945 but is set in 1912. I call back this is to emphasise the point that rich people are not always right, as Mr. Birling in particular makes several predictions that we, as the audience, know to be incorrect. For example, he says, Youll hear some people say that wars inevitable. And to that I say fiddlesticks and on that point isnt a chance of war. However, we know that two years later, WWI began.He speculates about Sheila and Geralds next In twenty or thirty years time lets say, in 1940 you may be giving a little party like this your son or daughter business leader be getting engaged and I tell you, by that t ime youll be living in a world thatll have forgotten all these silly war scares. This is ironic because in detail in 1940 WWII took place. He also makes predictions about labour struggles when he says, theres a lot of wild talk about possible labour trouble in the near future.Dont worry. Weve passed the worst of it, and the Titanic, as he says, Unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable, both of which we know are wrong. Mr. Birling is self-confident about all of these predictions, but we know how wrong he is. This is an example of dramatic irony, and I think J.B. Priestley used it to great effect in portraying Mr. Birling as someone who is entirely uneducated about what the future holds, though the other characters are unaware of this.In Act One, the family is celebrating the engagement of Sheila and Gerald. Sheila is presented as excitable and eager to please her family and Gerald after she has received her ring she says, (excited) Oh its wonderful Look mommy isnt it a beauty? Oh da rling (She kisses Gerald hastily.) She is also rather materialistic, as the stage directions, ( salvage admiring her ring) imply, though she still shows empathy and compassion towards Eva SHEILA (Rather distressed) Sorry Its just that I cant help thinking about that girl destroying herself so horribly.She plays up to Gerald, saying, Oh is it the one you wanted me to have? and I think this suggests that she wants to keep on everyones good side, and avoid any conflict. She behaves in the same way to her parents, meekly saying, Im sorry, Daddy. Actually I was listening.

Macbeth, Macduff and the Witches Essay

Macduff has fair(a) told me that he was not born natur aloney he genuinely turned to me and said Macduff was from his mothers womb untimely ripped. For me, that is the end, I think ab let surface(predicate) the witchs predictions. thusly, I think back to when it all started. We were on our way home, Banquo and I when we meet the witches who told us that I would be Thane of Glamis, hale I knew that already. Then they told me that I would be Thane of Cawdor, This surprised me as the Thane of Cawdor was actually(prenominal) well and living.Then the final witch said to me All hail Macbeth that shalt be superpower afterlife. When I perceive this I desireed to here more moreover they wouldnt speak to me. Then my friend Banquo asked them about him, what will happen to him? They said to Banquo that he will be lesser than Macbeth but greater. Which at first didnt make sense but therefore it came to me that he would not be magnate but his children would succeed to the throne. I turned to question them and suddenly they disappeared.I saw Ross riding towards us he told us that the king has heard of our success against the Norwegians. Then he said that the Thane of Cawdor has been relieved from his instruction and the king has given me the product line of being Thane of Cawdor. I couldnt believe it the witches were right, their predictions came authentic and if that prediction came true than so should the rest. I wrote a letter to my wife telling her about the witches and their predictions I also told her that I had become the Thane of Cawdor. When I got home my wife told me that the king will be coming to stay at our castle for the night. I was really surprised about this vi get and then my wife explained the political platforms she made. It was all excessively difficult as Duncan had been really good to me he made me Thane of Cawdor which was very generous. But now I have to kill him, I was afraid but my wife convinced me that when it is done everythi ng would be fine.Her plan was to drug the kings personal bodyguards, wait till they fall asleep, then steal their daggers and subroutine them to murder Duncan. After I kill Duncan I was to leave the bloody daggers in the hands of the bodyguards. I really didnt want to do this but I couldnt let my wife down. So went up to Duncans room and I saw a dagger before my eyes, I assay to grab it but my hand meet went through it. It started floating towards Duncans room and then it just disappeared. I picked up the sleeping guards daggers and walked into Duncans chambers. When it was done I came out of Duncans chambers and went to my wife who was ringing the gong gently.She saw me with the daggers dripping in blood and she said to me why did I bring the daggers with you, you was supposed to leave them with the guards I told her I was afraid and I just ran out of the room and forgot everything. She alsok the daggers away from me and put them in the hands of the guards. Then I heard a very loud knocking, I looked at my hands and they were stained red so I quickly ran to the well and washed them, my wife cane back and her hands were also red so she washed them as well. The knocking continued so we got changed and laid in bed. The porter opened the door. It was Macduff and Lennox, who came in ringing the bell so that everyone would wake up. I went to them and showed them to Duncans room. Everyone was shocked at what they saw, and I had to play along too.Malcolm and Dolabain Duncans two sons fled. One went to England and the other to Ireland. This was good because it makes everyone suspicious of them. Now they were gone, I was crowned king, but I still had one more problem. Banquo was with me when the witches told us of their predictions. He was also there when Ross told me the king has given me the job of being Thame of Cawdor, so then Banquo would be suspicious of me because one of the witches predictions was that I would be king, and now that the king is dead, he w ill accuse me of killing him. I had killed once, and it seemed easy to kill again. I arranged for Banquo, my friend, to be killed. I hired these get hold of men. I was not sure how it would all turn out. I told the hit men to make sure they kill Fleance, his son as well because I didnt want any of his children to reign as well.I prepared a banquet for all my friends. Lords and nobleman we all sat around the table and began to eat You know your own degrees, sit down. At first it was leaving all quite well, me and my wife was enjoying ourselves which was a relief from thinking about Duncan and what happened in the past. Then just as it was getting better, I spotted one of the hit men that I had hired earlier. I went to him and made sure no one could see or hear us. I asked him is he dispatched? He replied with good news my lord, his throat is cut that I did for him.I asked him what he had done with Fleance. He hung his doubt and said that he had escaped. I was fierce I knew the nightmares would come back to me. I returned to my seat. Then Ross asked me to sit at his table, but I told him it was full. He said there was a free seat abutting to him. I looked at the seat next to him and saw the ghost of Banquo looking at me. I began to panic, but my wife Lady Macbeth said to everyone that I was getting into a fit and that they should leave now. When they had gone, she calmed me down construction its just the very painting of my fear.After that day I felt strange, different, uneasy, so I went back to the witches because I was so worried. When I got there they were all around a dark cauldron, they said to me that they will summon their master the Apparitions. I looked into the cauldron I saw the first shade an armed head. It said beware Macduff, beware the Thane of fife.I thought hmm well Macduff wont be a problem I can just have him killed like Banquo. The second apparition appeared which was a bloody child it said Be bloody, bold and resolute, laugh to sco rn the power of man, for none of char shall harm Macbeth. Ha I was impressed with this, everyman and woman is born from a woman so no one can harm me. The next apparition appeared it was a child crowned, with a tree in his hand. Be loin-mettled, proud and take no care that chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are, Macbeth shall never vanquish be, until Great Birnam timberland to high Dunsinane hill shall come against him. Well to me this was just wrong how can a woodwind decease all the way up Dunsinane hill?I went home feeling very confident and the very next day I found out that Macduff had gone to England to get an army together persist by Malcom. I told my mercenaries to go to his castle and kill everyone and everything in there. Mean while when all this was overtaking on my wife had been sleepwalking and the lady-in had called in a doctor to observe her actions. He watched her while she was sleepwalking. My wife was carrying out the actions we did when we murdered Dunca n So now the doctor and the lady-in knew about us.I noticed all my friends had left me and gone to England with Malcom, even Ross had left me and I knew he was going to tell Macduff that I had killed his family. I didnt care actually no born of a man could harm me. I bet Macduff was furious but I had nil to fear. So as I was getting ready to fight Macduff and Malcom I still felt safe about it all because of what the apparitions told me. I knew my wife had died somehow she should have died hereafter I felt cold about everything except defeating Macduff. A messenger came later saying that Birnam wood was moving Liar and Slave I said to him but he begged me to take a look, so I did and realized what the apparitions were talking about. Malcoms army was using the branches and wood as camouflage.When everyone found out that Macduff was coming they all ran away those cowards. A few English soldiers came to me and tried to attack me but they were no problem, I walked outside the castle fu ll of confidence and pride. I faced Macduff and said to him I fend a charmed life, which must not yield to any of woman born. Then thats when he told me that he was born untimely ripped. Looking back now I see where it had gone all wrong, but when I think about the future, me kneeling before Malcoms feet I couldnt let it happen. I raised my sword and attempted to kill Malcom but Macduff got in the way stressful to defend him, I fought as hard as I could but he was just too fast. I felt something cold and sharp go through my chest, my sword fell from my hand and then I saw a blur in front of me soon I could see nothing everything had just gone black.

Case on Industrial Dispute Essay

bridle-path Transport Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the Corporation), has been constituted nether the Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. The respondent which is a Trade Union of the appellant-Corporation, filed an Application forward the lug Court, Dehradun under Section 11-C of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 read with Section 13A of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, praying for a declaration that the 15 persons who were appointed on arrive basis as drivers and conductors as shown in the annexed chart, be declared as steadfast and substantive workmen of the Corporation.It was also prayed in the said Application that the concerned workmen be given all the benefits and facilities of stock employees. The aforesaid Application was allowed by the ram Court, Dehradun by its tell go out 19. 9. 2001. The agitate Court tell that the concerned workmen be given the minimum wages admissible to the reparation employees in the pay scales of d rivers and conductors. The Labour Court also held that the said workmen are employees of the Corporation. It is non disputed that the concerned workmen were appointed on contract basis.Before the Labour Court, the Corporation had contended that Rule 2 of U. P. S. R. T. C Employees (Other than Officers) Service Regulations, 1981 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) clearly mentions that these regulations shall not apply to employees working on contract basis. The persons working on contract basis filed Writ require No. 41349/1999 Kanchi Lal and others vs. U. P. S. R. T. C before the Allahabad High Court for grant of same benefits as the regular employees of the Corporation, but the said writ petition had been dismissed. However, the bjection of the Corporation was rejected by the Labour Court. It filed a writ petition thereafter before the High Court which was dismissed by the impugned judgment. It was contended in the writ petition by the appellant that the concerned wor kmen had not been selected in terms of the process of selection required for appointment of regular employees and hence they cannot be directed to be given minimum pay scales of regular employees. It was also contended that the Labour Court acted beyond its jurisdiction by passing the impugned order dated.In our opinion, the Labour Court could not hurt granted the relief it granted by the order dated 19. 9. 2001, as that could only have been granted on a regular reference under Section 4-K of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act or under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act. A perusal of the order of the Labour Court dated 19. 9. 2001 shows that it has not referred to any standing order of the appellant. On the other hand, paragraph 3 of the said order refers to Rule 2 of the 1981 Regulations which clearly provides that the Regulations do not apply to employees engaged on contract basis. In our opinion, the Labour Court cannot amend the Regulations while hearing an finishing und er Section 11-C of the Industrial Disputes Act.As already stated above, the mount of Section 11-C is limited to decide a question arising out of an application or interpretation of a standing order and the Labour Court cannot go beyond the scope of Section 11-C of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act. For the reasons given above, the appeals are allowed. The impugned judgment of the High Court as well as the order of the Labour Court dated 19. 9. 2001 are set aside. However, it is open to the concerned workmen to raise their grievances before the concerned authority under Section 4-K of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act or under Section 10 of Industrial Disputes Act, as the case may be, and if the State Government refers such a dispute to the Labour Court or Tribunal, we hope that the same will be decided expeditiously. No costs

Racism within football/Soccer Essay

As A glory hunter I support Middlesbrough.Admittadly not the greatest association in the prime(a) fusion.I take whatsoever victories and cup excursions with open arms.One such occasion was when they rose to the featherbrained heights of the Zenith Data final at Wembley.Having travelled from Ger umpteen altogether night I was to a greater extent than euphoric to be drinking in the pubs near the ground.I eventually started to talk to a group of Chelsea sports fans,it quickly became gain that they were racial in their attitude to any player who was discolor and would not cheer if any somber player for Chelsea scored ?I asked them what they would do if they were in a atomic number 63an Cup final and it was a obscure player who scored the winning goal or even a hat trick ? No was the reactwe would just sit in our seats and do nothing I couldnt believe it.I undone my drink and left the pub.If I was honest I couldnt believe their bigoted attitude.I make it especially hard as at the sentence as I had just finished an supple service tour of Northern Ireland where I had served on side B wish commonwealth who I had worked intimately with.I often wonder what those hypocrites would make of the present Chelsea team, full of very talented Black players.No doubt Chelsea argon a better beca utilization of these players who put on raised the smart sets plucky and profile inwardly England and Europe. in that locationof to study football mettlesome game and how racial discrimination it and its go upon society was an opportunity too good to be missed. An obvious showtime point would be to define racism ? It be divided into three categories conspicuous,institututional and covert.Black players within the game ar routinely gun for hireject to overt racism at games (G run shorteau,.(1999).Although not as frequently, they and their families screw good-tempered be subjected to covert racism.In recent times knowledgeablenessal racism has never been far from the public centre especially in light of the Stephen Lawrence enquiry somewhatwhat his murder and the subsequent investigation that followed which was dogged by institutional racism (MacPherson,1999).Football and the structure of the game would too appear to being affected by institutional racism. on that point argon very few Black coaches and managers being employed. Indeed what atomic number 18 the sociological effects this is having and how are these theories affecting the game of football ?Whilst it could be debated that football is autonomous it still has had to acknowledge the presence of racism.UEFA,Fiffa, along with respective F.As in the British Isles ca drug abuse sought to address this problem with campaigns e.g. Football Unites racialism Divides and Show racism The Red Card. However football may be unwittingly providing an plain for any resentment and alienation that exists within communities.This behaviour is then displayed at matches.Although it would be hard to cut any racial behaviour of a player *Bowyer & Woodgate* .But what are the UEFA, Fiffa and the respective F.As doing in indian lodge to set upon this problem ?Whilst it is an aim of this paper to acknowledge schemes that watch been emworld power in place to terminate racism If we try the success if any of schemes that have been run by UEFA, Fiffa and the F.As. we toilette see in recent events as those that took place at Sunderland in April 2003 these schemes are having dinky or no affectThe game of football has changed.Clubs are now run as PLCs (Public Limited Companies) they are hard reliant on the support of sponsors and television rights to games.It could be suggested that these companies need to look at their responsibility towards their team spirit obligation of dischargeding the game of racism.*Bowyer & Woodgate*Sarfraz Najeib.Najeib along with his brother Shahzad and three friends, then students at Leeds Metropolitan University had been attending the t he Majestyk night-club club when on leaving the club an argument took place with the then Leeds United player Jonathan Woodgate and Lee Bowyer.Bowyer was clear of attacking student while Woodgate received 100 hours community service for affray.Little has been done by these companies to promote or forward any anti-racialist programmes. Television companies appear willing to manipulate the fixture contention for T.V. scheduling save are not willing to accept that in that location is a problem with racist behaviour.Consequently it is the intention of this paper in its it final section to propose a financial dodge that could be used to tractor trailer the problem of racism within football.The British public has always had an similarity with the game of football.It has evolved and changed from no rules to pre-war innovational image onto a post- new multi Million pound industry.High transfer fees and noble contend are the norm.All seater stadiums especially in the Premier League b etter facilities and better havepointards are now expected. planet broadcasting reaches out to a big reference than ever before with Sky paying in excess of 1.2 Billion pounds for the rights.Terrestial T.V has also been engaged in this battle,culminating in the BBC losing a Saturday night national institutionMatch Of The Day.I.T.V now presents a polished and stylish programme for the fans along with a Black pundit and a female presenter,unheard of in previous decades (Giulonotti,1999). Broadsheet newspapers now actively report round football at great length.This domain was primarily reserved to the tabloid press and low whole tone magazines. Stadiums have changed for a number of reasons e.g. the Taylor get across 1995 after Hillsborough.The disasters at Bradford and Hysel forced governance football agencies to evaluate the structure of stadiums and the fans that attended these stadiums.These changes have attracted different fans Evidence to support this raft be seen in the return of executive boxes at football grounds(Greenfield, & Osborn,2001).Working class fans now regularly mix with the middle class. No longer is the primary class of fans attending the game works class.Racism is an easy term to use term.However it can and does have far reaching affects in society. There appears to be many definitions of the term although all these definitions arguably mean the same thing.Racism can be delimitate as a particularized form of discrimination usually based on skin colour or membership of a minority ethnic group. Its a system of group dominance. This system is both structural and ideological. That is, itembodies political, economic, and socio-cultural structures of inequality. It involves processes and practices of exclusion, oppression and marginalisation, as well as stereotypes and symbols required by these structures and processes (Gilroy,1995).Within this process there are three sub forms of racism,overt,covert and and institutional.Overt racism can be seen as something violent, even thuggish.It can be displayed through violent behavior,threats to the soulfulness and even through demonstrations and political parties.However some political parties e.g. the British National Party (B.N.P) are no strangers to overt and covert racism.Covert racism seeing a rise in popularity i.e. people nowadays are reluctant to sway openly their dislike of and contempt for minorities, indeed they are not prepared to express publicly a sentiment that could be interpreted as racist.Racism (Gilroy,1995). Institutional racism has been defined as ordinary people going about their normal day to day business exclusively producing outcomes that are disadvantageous to Black and ethnic minority groups.This form of racism can have blasting effects with regard to accommodation/housing, health and education leading to poor pull up stakess for students (Cash more than, & McLaughlin, 1991).Whilst this example is related to racism within the state aparetus ,a clear definition can be given by examining the Police and the McPherson ReportMcpherson reported that the Police was Institutional racist.This was protrayed in their investigations of racially motivated crime.A procedure cognize as occlusion and search.Routinly carried out against Black people.In short the very essance in which the Police went about their duties was institutional racist to people from ethnic minoroties.In the report he comments Unwitting racism can arise because of lack of understanding, ignorance or mistaken sentiments. It can arise from well intentioned but patronising words or actions. It can arise from unfamiliarity with the behaviour or cultural traditions of people or families from minority ethnic communities. It can arise from racist stereotyping of cutting people as potential criminals or troublemakers. Often this arises out of noncritical self-understanding born out of an inflexible police ethos of the traditional way of doing things. Furthermore suc h attitudes can boom in a tightly knit community, so that there can be a bodied failure to detect and to outlaw this breed of racism. The police canteen can too easily be its breeding ground( http//www.archive.official).With these definitions of racism established we can now examine why are there so few Black players within the game as a whole.Foot ball employs only 20% of Black players (Black ,2001).Whilst there are no figures for players with an Asian or Oriental background it would be elegant to argue that these players are even fewer and at best token gestures.With only 1% of black people watching the game (holmes,2003.Appendix).This problem is not just confined to Football in grand Britain.If we look at America and the game of basketball we can see that for a long time they suffered same problem.Jay Coakley argues the reason why Black people were under-represented within coaching and management, was because of strong prejudices emanating from owners of clubs.These prejudice s were founded in the belief that unless the Black coach or player make a dramatic impact upon their arrival they were ordain to failure.Coakley also adds that there was a strong stereotypical myth perpetrated by white people about Blacks, that there are inferior intellectually (Coakley,2001301).While these beliefs are unfounded Coakley does however go onto argue that these barriers no longer exist, although it would be difficult to conclude that race and skin colour have become foreign (Coakley,2001301). Therefore an argument may exist that these problems which America experienced we too are now experiencing ?Therefore Football has to set about these problems and eradicate them in order to open the game out to a larger audience. UEFA Chief Executive Gerhard Aigner recently commented that racism was an evil and a poison (Uefa.com).In a recent assemblage held by UEFA at Stamford Bridge Chelsea.Aigner also commented that We have to be prepared to reflect our duty.We have to to tac kle racism, xenophobia and other forms of discrimination and hatred. (uefa.com)Whilst in the conference acknowledgement was given to f.a.r.e Football Against Racism in Europe,there was also an acknowledgement that there is still much left to do in order to tackle some of the root causes.Within the British Isles there appears to be amulti-pronged attack on racism by the English,Scottish,Welsh and Irish F.A.s with the administration of Football Unites Racism Divides f.u.r.d and Show Racism The Red Card s.r.t.r.c.S.r.t.c aim is to combat racism through anti-racist education and professional footballers are showing the way in terms of make a stand and fighting racism(srtrc.org). A member of f.a.r.e it targets school children as its audience and with the distribution of leaflets at football matches it seeks to capture a wider audience.It can count on the support of Sir Bobby Robson,Bryan Robson,Ian Wright,Gary Linekar amongst its supporters some of the most respected names in football.F .u.r.d seeks a more captive audienceChildren. F.u.r.d believes that football, as the worlds most popular game, can help bring people together people from different backgrounds, to play, watch and enjoy the game, and to break down barriers created by ignorance or prejudice. (furd.org).F.I.F.A in July 2001 put in place a fourteen point plan to tackle the problem.Amongst its recommendation was that there has to be an acceptance of responsibility amongst all those connected with the game to try and eradicate the game of racism.This is arouse only for the reason this is in direct contravention to one of F.I.F.A.s rules about international school children contend football together.FIFA have a regulation which bans foreign kids from vie with English kids.Chapter IV, article 12 of the FIFA Regulations governing the status and transfer of players (pressbox.co.uk) The Mixer Soccer Academy, a full time private football academy in Dorset which attracts junior soccer stars from all over the globe, have a situation where their foreign students, playing and raising football alongside English students all week, all year, are not seizeed to play football with them at the weekend because the local Dorset FA. will not allow them to sign the appropriate forms and thereby allow them to play with the English kids. Perhaps if F.I.F.A revised their 2001 ethos and brought it up to date with other initives being run in Europe there would not be this contradiction in terms ?Giulianotti argues that whilst these schemes are of import they are fundamentally flawed in their belief that all racists who attend the game belong to some political right wing extremist group or a hooligan group.Not so many hooligan groups contain Black people.Giulianotti argues powerfullythat this smug belief therefore removes the real from this type of behaviour. (Giulianotti,1999 163).When it is clearly not the case as he cites the first game played by washstand Barnes the first Black player for Liverpo ol who was taunted with racist crowd chants throughout the game.So how can we move forward.What I am about to present to you is not the holy grail of anti racist behaviour.Whilst there was an acknowledgement in the paragraph above about F.I.F.A.s short comings there was a look into of light in their fourteen point plan that may provide the foundation to the problem.F.I.F.A stated that it requires the media to powerfully condemn all acts of racist behaviour or declarations by any persons or groups, and to refrain from coverage such behaviour or declarations in a manner that may serve to provoke confrontation, and calls upon football websites (including those of clubs and national associations) to incorporate prominent anti-racism messages on their home-pages(fifa.org).Let us take this a step further.Sky Sports pays the Premier League 1.2 Billion pounds for the right to screen football.This money sees little light outside the Premier League if any at all.2 Billion can be placed into an independent scehme,designed to target racism.This will provide a pro active starting point to tackling some of the root causes of racism within football.Within this target All clubs MUST participate in this scheme.Packages that tackle the key issues of racism.Better training for stewards.Actively seek to promote an anti-racist culture within the club and stands.Accountability.Actively seek to employ players at playing and coaching levels from anethnic background.The scheme has to be independent of the clubs.Primarily ran by elected members.These members must have no connection with a club or T.V.companies in any capacity. They would be given the power to award grants in order to aid clubs combat racism.Bonus payments could be made for meeting their set targets.But also the power has to be given to the panel in order to fine clubs that have failed to meet any basic level set.Nothing radical or complicated in this proposed package.These key points have to be use at all levels and everywhere in the club.You could be forgiven for thinking that all clubs actively employ this calculate of practice. Wrong.Richie Moran comments about racism within football.He comments that he was insulted and clapperclawd about everything from the colour of his skin to his hair style.This abuse was not only from the fans but it was equally directed from his fellow team mates.Consequently he left the game because of this abuse (Garlan,Malclom & Rowe,2000).You could also be forgiven for thinking this is an isolated case it would never happen now,Clubs are more aware and are actively seeking to promote an Anti-Racist ethos ? Wrong.During the compiling of this paper letters were sent to the chase clubs appendix Bradford, Oldham, Middlesborough, Sheffield United all disturbingly failed to reply to letters sent to them.Burnley were also contacted, they replied to the letter but were to busy to enclose any literature appendixSunderland however were different.They were more than happ y to distribute learning about why and how they actively tackle racism at the Stadium Of Light.Sunderland do seem to have a pro-active attitude towards stamping out racism within football therefore it seems ironic.In the recent European fling match at the stadium Of Light there game was marred by violenceAmong those held were 25 individuals known to be associated with hooligan elements of Sunderland and Newcastle football clubs Police said no Turkish fans were arrested as a result of the match, which England won 2-0. The match had been given a high police priority, with around 1,000 officers on duty to foil trouble between England fans and 5,000 Turkish supporters. At the height of the violence bottles, car wheel trims and bar stools were impel at police. Superintendent Jim Campbell, of Northumbria Police, said the policing of the event had been successful (www.bbc.)Football has changed.From its origins of no rules to a modern post war image and then now into its present post-mo dern image.High transfer fees, high ticket prices and high wages have changed the game.Although argumentative there is a belief that the game has drifted away from its working class origins into a more middle class audience.Stadiums are more modern, they had to change.Italia 90 saw little or no hooliganism. Together with a good run for the English team helped promote a positive image of the game in the U.K. Satellite television has helped changed the environment by which football is viewed.However whilst the officials stand and pat themselves on the back they are becoming guilty of complacancy.We have still not rid the game of racism.Evidence from the England game against Turkey has shown it.As A consequence critics would argue that the English F.A got off lightly with a fine and not having to play the next home qualifying game against Slovakia behind closed doors at Middlesborough.Footballers their families and friends regularly suffer from the three forms of racism as set out in t his paper covert,institutional and overt racism happen on a regular basis.Poor job prospects for managers and coaches and taunts from players and fans are common place.Fiffa,Uefa and the respective F.A.s are right to acknowledge this problem.However it would appear actions are short in their forth coming and it is nothing more than lip service.Fiffa almost got it right in their 2001 proposals when they said the media and other agencies have a duty to serve to racism.In order to survive clubs are dependant upon the large amount of income that television rights generate.Television companies have submit within the corridors of football.Why therefore can they not influence clubs to make a more aggressive stand towards racism ?By not taking an aggressive stand towards racism within the game, the television companies are condoning racism. It may be because they fear it is an issue too large to tackle on their own. Therefore they have to realise they are not alone in this stand.Simply by sticking their heads in the sand and not acknowledging they have power and the responsibility to take the appropiate action, they are allowing the biggots to go unchallanged and prosper un-hinderd.Admittadly it is hard for any fan to confront a person(s) using racist language,but there are phone and text lines which they can use at the match to inform stewards and thepolice.Why not write a letter to the club alerting them to this issue. ultimately however the responsibility lies with the fan and society for this behaviour and its eradication from the game. Certain sections of our society are happy to abuse someone because they are Black and playing for the opposition. Surely as a modern society this cannot be right ?BIBLIOGRAPHY.Coakley,J.(2001).Sport In Society.McGraw-Hill InternationalCashmore,E & McLaughlin,E.(1991) Out Of Order Policing Black People.Routledge.Garland,J,Malcolm,D & Rowe,M. (2000).The Future of Football.Frank CassGilroy,P.(1995) There Aint No Black In The Union J ack RoutledgeGiulianotti,R.(1999) Football A Sociology Of The orbicular Game Polity Press.Greenfield,S & Osborn,G.(2001) Regulating Football.Pluto Press.Gruneau,R.(1999) Class,Sports And Social Development.Human Kinetics.Kirk, B.M.(1996) A Simple Matter Of Black and White ? Avebury.The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry.(March 1999). H.M.S.O.INTERNET.http//www.archive.official- schedules.co.uk/document/cm42/4262/sli-06.htm6.6http//www.uefa.com/uefa/aboutuefa/Communications/index.htmlhttp//www.fiffa.com/www.the-fa.org/http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2820125.stmwww.pressbox.co.uk/Detailed/68011.htmlhttp//www.srtc.org/srtrc.htmhttp//wwwfurd.org/http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2911623.stmNEWSPAPERS.Black,L (Dec18th,2001).One of The Lads.The Guardian.